8.1 - 8.3 Pollution & Endocrine Disruptors
8.4-8.6 Wetlands, Eutrophication, Thermal Pollution
8.7-8.8 POPS, Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification
8.9 - 8.12-8.13 Waste, Sewage, LD50 & Dose Response Curve
8.14-8.15 Pollution & Human Health, Diseases
100
This type of pollution enters the environment from many sources at once, such as urban runoff or pesticides sprayed over large agricultural regions, making it difficult to identify a single source.
nonpoint source
100
This process occurs when human activities, such as applying synthetic fertilizers to lawns or discharging sewage, add excess nitrogen and phosphorus to a body of water, leading to algae blooms.
eutrophication
100
synthetic, carbon-based, fat-soluble pollutants that aren’t easily metabolised by organisms bodies
persistent organic pollutant
100
What is the number 1 type of MSW?
paper
100
Joker Junior Triple
In the spread of infectious disease, this term refers to the living organism (such as a mosquito or rat) that carries and transmits a pathogen to another organism.
vector
200
As pH levels decrease and become more acidic outside of this specific range for a species, populations may decline or die due to factors like aluminum toxicity
range of tolerance
200
Superhero Senior Triple
This term describes a body of water with low nutrient levels, stable algae populations, and high dissolved oxygen—the opposite of a eutrophic waterway.
oligotrophic
200
the buildup/concentration of POPs/fat-soluble pollutants in the bodies of organisms over time
bioaccumulation
200
What does the secondary treatment in water treatment?
Biological breakdown of organic matter (feces) by bacteria; aerobic process that requires O2
200
This bacterial infection, often caused by untreated sewage in drinking water, results in severe dehydration and intestinal swelling.
dysentery
300
This mutualistic partner of coral provides sugar to the reef but has a narrow temperature tolerance; it will leave the coral when ocean temperatures rise, leading to coral bleaching
algae
300
here is an inverse relationship between these two factors: as one increases due to power plant discharge, the solubility of the other decreases, potentially leading to fish suffocation.
water temperature and dissolved oxygen
300
This POP, commonly used as a pesticide, was banned in many countries due to its harmful effects on wildlife and human health.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
300
To determine maximum allowable levels for humans with extreme caution, scientists typically take the LD50 or ED50 from animal studies and divide it by this number.
1000
300
As climate change shifts equatorial climate zones, these vectors are able to expand their range into previously cold regions, bringing diseases like Zika and Malaria with them.
mosquitoes
400
While this heavy metal itself is not toxic, bacteria in water sources convert it into a highly toxic form that damages the central nervous system, especially in developing fetuses
mercury
400
To prevent groundwater contamination, sanitary landfills are required to have a bottom liner made of these two specific materials.
clay and plastic
400
After being emitted from coal combustion and deposited in water, inorganic mercury is converted by bacteria into this highly toxic, neurotoxic form.
methylmercury
400
On a dose-response curve, this is the lowest dose at which a measurable effect—such as death, paralysis, or cancer—first begins to occur.
threshold (or toxicity threshold)
400
This type of cancerous tumor is caused specifically by exposure to a certain insulation material when its fibers are disturbed and inhaled.
mesothelioma (caused by asbestos)
500
This common herbicide acts as an endocrine disruptor by binding to receptors in male frogs, which can lead to low sperm counts or even the development of eggs in the testes
atrazine
500
This potent greenhouse gas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in landfills and can be collected to generate electricity or heat.
methane (CH4)
500
Biomagnification is driven by this ecological "rule," which dictates that higher-level consumers must eat significantly more biomass to obtain enough energy, thereby ingesting more toxins.
10% Rule
500
While most lab studies are "acute" and short-term, these longer-term studies follow developmental impacts over a lifespan, such as measuring a fish's sexual maturation.
chronic studies
500
This bacterial infection targets the lungs and is the leading cause of death by disease in the developing world, transmitted via respiratory droplets
Tuberculosis (TB)