Human Impacts
This type of pollution occurs when excess nutrients from fertilizers wash into waterways.
What is eutrophication?
This law was enacted to clean up hazardous waste sites and is often called the "Superfund"
What is CERCLA?
This is a vector for diseases such as malaria, zika, west nile virus, etc.
What are mosquitoes?
A majority of our solid waste is disposed of by what method?
Landfills
large particles, garbage, pebbles are removed during this stage of sewage treatment.
Primary
LD50 is defined as the ____________ which kills ___________ of the TEST population.
dose; 50%
This heavy metal, commonly used in batteries can contaminate water supplies and cause neurological damage.
What is lead or mercury?
CERCLA gives this federal agency the authority ton respond to hazardous substance releases.
What is the EPA?
Cholera is caused by _____________. Human health impacts include _________.
bacteria in water; diarrhea
This is commonly found in landfills as a liquid.
What is leachate?
When a body of water experiences an increase in fertility due to anthropogenic inputs of nutrients.
Cultural Eutrophication
The threshold level is the dose below which _____ toxic (lethal) effects are observed and/or above which the toxic (lethal) effects ___________________.
no; are apparent.
This category of pollutants, such as atrazine, causes hormonal changes in organisms such as frogs.
What are endocrine disruptors?
This law sets the standards for the allowed levels of key water pollutants and requires polluters to get permits limiting how much of various pollutants they can discharge into aquatic systems?
What is the Clean Water Act?
Climate change is causing vectors to do this ________ because temperate regions are becoming more like tropical regions.
What is spreading north and south of the equator?
Describe the primary drawback of solid waste incineration
releases air pollutants
We define the amount of oxygen a quantity of water uses over a period of time at a specific temperature as ____________ _____________ ___________
Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
Scientists began with 50 mice. They gave the unfortunate mice a chemical. The LD50 can be determined by the dose at which ____________ mice are remaining. (give specific number of mice)
25
These pollutants tend to bioaccumulate in the tissues of organisms because they don't break down like food.
What are POP's?
60% of all tested US streams, lakes, and estuaries can be used safely for fishing and swimming, compared to 33% in 1972. This is thanks to ___________.
What is the Clean Water Act?
This disease kills nearly 2 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of death by disease in developing nations?
What is tuberculosis?
The recycling of a product into the same product, e.g. aluminum cans is known as _______-________ recycling.
Closed-Loop
secondary sewage treatment includes
aerobic decomposition of solid organic waste/feces by bacteria OR removal of nitrogen/phosphorous waste by bacteria
Use the following data to determine both the LD50 and the threshold amount. Assume the starting population was 75 mice.
0% lead, 0 dead mice
0.1% lead, 5 dead mice
0.2% lead, 12 dead mice
0.3% lead, 26 dead mice
0.4% lead, 37.5 dead mice
0.5% lead, 50 dead mice
0.6% lead, 75 dead mice
threshold: 0.1% ; LD50: 0.4%
This is one solution for the prevention of dead zones such as the one found in the Gulf of Mexico.
What is:
riparian buffers, manure management, cover crops, septic tank upgrades, enhanced nutrient removal.
The Duke Coal ash spill is an example of a local environmental disaster that called this to action.
What is CERCLA?
By composting, you can reduce ______ which makes up the majority of municipal solid waste in America.
What is paper or cardboard?
Provide one Environmental Advantage for Septic Systems and one Environmental Advantage for Sewage Treatment Plants.
Septic
No electricity needed
Others
Sewage Treatment
Manages waste from urban areas
Some sludge can be used as fertilizer
Others
Draw a hypothetical dose response curve (with axis labels); clearly identify LD50 on the graph.
answers will vary