8.1 - 8.3 Pollution & Endocrine Disruptors
8.4-8.6 Wetlands, Eutrophication, Thermal Pollution
8.7-8.8 POPS, Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification
8.9 - 8.12-8.13 LD50 & Dose Response Curve
8.14-8.15 Pollution & Human Health, Diseases
100
This type of pollution enters the environment from many sources at once, such as urban runoff or pesticides sprayed over large agricultural regions, making it difficult to identify a single source.
nonpoint source
100
his process occurs when human activities, such as applying synthetic fertilizers to lawns or discharging sewage, add excess nitrogen and phosphorus to a body of water, leading to algae blooms.
cultural eutrophication
100
synthetic, carbon-based, fat-soluble pollutants that aren’t easily metabolised by organisms bodies
persistent organic pollutant
100
What structure in places at the bottom of a landfill to prevent contamination/pollutants from leeching into soil and aquifers?
clay / plastic bottom liner
100
Joker Junior Triple
In the spread of infectious disease, this term refers to the living organism (such as a mosquito or rat) that carries and transmits a pathogen to another organism.
vector
200
As pH levels decrease and become more acidic outside of this specific range for a species, populations may decline or die due to factors like aluminum toxicity
range of tolerance
200
Superhero Senior Triple
TWO examples of ecosystem services provided by wetlands?
plants or animals harvested for food sources, regulation of local temperature, absorption of flood waters, recharge groundwater, pollinator habitat, pest control, water filtration
200
the buildup/concentration of POPs/fat-soluble pollutants in the bodies of organisms over time
bioaccumulation
200
Water is contaminated by garbage.
What is leachate?
200
This bacterial infection, often caused by untreated sewage in drinking water, results in severe dehydration and intestinal swelling.
dysentery
300
What do POPs do to an organism that is so bad?
central nervous system damage, reproductive system damage/disruption
300
here is an inverse relationship between these two factors: as one increases due to power plant discharge, the solubility of the other decreases, potentially leading to fish suffocation.
water temperature and dissolved oxygen
300
This POP, commonly used as a pesticide, was banned in many countries due to its harmful effects on wildlife and human health.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
300
Scientists began with 50 mice. They gave the unfortunate mice a chemical. The LD50 can be determined by the dose at which ____________ mice are remaining. (give specific number of mice)
25
300
As climate change shifts equatorial climate zones, these vectors are able to expand their range into previously cold regions, bringing diseases like Zika and Malaria with them.
mosquitoes
400
While this heavy metal itself is not toxic, bacteria in water sources convert it into a highly toxic form that damages the central nervous system, especially in developing fetuses
Hint: why pregnant people shouldn't eat tuna!
mercury
400
To prevent groundwater contamination, sanitary landfills are required to have a bottom liner made of these two specific materials.
clay and plastic
400
the increasing concentration per unit of body tissue of POPs in organisms at higher trophic levels
what is biomagnification
400
On a dose-response curve, this is the lowest dose at which a measurable effect—such as death, paralysis, or cancer—first begins to occur.
threshold (or toxicity threshold)
400
This type of cancerous tumor is caused specifically by exposure to a certain insulation material when its fibers are disturbed and inhaled.
mesothelioma (caused by asbestos)
500
This virus is also transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause birth defects such as small heads
Zika
500
This potent greenhouse gas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in landfills and can be collected to generate electricity or heat.
methane (CH4)
500
Biomagnification is driven by this ecological "rule," which dictates that higher-level consumers must eat significantly more biomass to obtain enough energy, thereby ingesting more toxins.
10% Rule
500
Use the following data to determine the LD50. Assume the starting population was 75 mice.
0% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.1% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.2% lead, 12 dead mice; 0.3% lead, 26 dead mice; 0.4% lead, 37.5 dead mice; 0.5% lead, 50 dead mice; 0.6% lead, 75 dead mice
LD50: 0.4%
500
This bacterial infection targets the lungs and is the leading cause of death by disease in the developing world, transmitted via respiratory droplets
Tuberculosis (TB)