LD50
LD50 is defined as the ____________ which kills 50% of the TEST population.
dose; 50%
The vector for Malaria is
mosquitoes
E-waste is
old electronics
synthetic, carbon-based, fat-soluble pollutants that aren’t easily metabolised by organisms bodies
what are persistent organic pollutant
One way humans are directly exposed to pollution that affects their health
inhalation; ingestion, skin contact/long-term exposure
A chemical with a high LD50 is ___________ (more/less) toxic than a chemical with low LD50.
less
2 environmental or social factors that increase the spread of disease
poor sanitation and water treatment
high population density
poverty
environmental disruption
Leachate is
garbage juices
the buildup/concentration of POPs/fat soluble pollutants in the bodies of organisms over time
what is bioaccumulation
Untreated sewage contaminating streams and rivers can cause this illness.
dysentery
Scientists began with 50 mice. They gave the unfortunate mice a chemical. The LD50 can be determined by the dose at which ____________ mice are remaining. (give specific number of mice)
25
One reason vector-borne transmission is an efficient method of spreading disease.
•Does not require direct human-to-human contact
•Can occur at a massive scale
large particles, garbage, pebbles
the increasing concentration per unit of body tissue of POPs in organisms at higher trophic levels
what is biomagnification
A form of pollution that can cause asthma and breathing problems.
photochemical smog
Use the following data to determine the LD50 and amount. Assume the starting population was 75 mice.
0% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.1% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.2% lead, 12 dead mice; 0.3% lead, 26 dead mice; 0.4% lead, 37.5 dead mice; 0.5% lead, 50 dead mice; 0.6% lead, 75 dead mice
LD50: 0.4%
Cholera is caused by _____________. Human health impacts include _________.
bacteria in water; diarrhea
secondary sewage treatment includes
aerobic decomposition of solid organic waste/feces by bacteria OR removal of nitrogen/phosphorous waste by bacteria
POPs can do this to an organism
central nervous system damage, reproductive system damage/disruption
People are exposed to many chemicals at once, often over decades. Some diseases, especially cancers, have long latency periods, meaning symptoms show up years later.
If the response increases as the dose increase, the dose response curve will generally follow the shape of this letter.
S (sigmoidal)
One disease besides malaria caused by mosquitoes
what is zika, yellow fever, west nile fever, dengue fever
removal of bacteria/viral pathogens during sewage treatment can include
chlorination, UV light, ozone
One way POPs can enter aquatic ecosystems
wastewater release from industrial processes; leachate from landfills, fertilizer/pesticide production; emissions from burning waste/biomass; runoff
The lung cancer that results from asbestos.
mesothelioma