Unit 1
This founding document justified independence by arguing that government must protect natural rights or be overthrown.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This branch has the power to declare war, approve treaties, and confirm presidential appointments.
What is Congress?
This clause prevents the federal government from creating an official national religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
This ideology favors limited government involvement in the economy and more personal freedom in social issues.
What is libertarianism?
This type of voting refers to supporting candidates based on the party with which you identify.
What is party-line voting?
This compromise created a bicameral Congress with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
What is the Great (Connecticut) Compromise?
The president’s power to reject a bill passed by Congress.
What is the veto?
This Supreme Court case incorporated the right to bear arms to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
This term describes how individuals develop their political beliefs, often influenced by family, education, and media.
What is political socialization?
Organizations that raise money to support candidates but are limited in how much they can donate directly.
What are PACs?
Court case that led to an increase in power for the national government.
What was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
This describes when the president and Congress are controlled by different political parties.
What is divided government?
Policies that provide special opportunities to historically disadvantaged groups.
What is affirmative action?
A group that believes government should address inequality through stronger economic regulation.
What are liberals?
This Supreme Court case allowed unlimited independent political spending by corporations and unions.
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
Act that authorized the government to deny income tax deduction for employer health plans that didn't offer employees the option of keeping their health insurance after leaving their job.
This landmark case established judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This court case ruled that students do not “shed their rights at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This belief that voters should examine issues and candidates’ platforms before voting.
What is prospective voting?
A reason some eligible voters choose not to vote, believing their vote doesn't matter.
What is voter apathy / low political efficacy?
A state places a tax on furniture made overseas is an example of
An unconstitutional use of state power.
These are the powers Congress gives to agencies, allowing them to create rules and enforce them—a key reason the bureaucracy has grown.
What are delegated (or discretionary) powers?
The constitutional test that requires laws involving fundamental rights or suspect classifications to be narrowly tailored to a compelling government interest.
What is strict scrutiny?
A consistent set of beliefs about the role of government in individuals’ lives, including economic and social areas.
What is political ideology?
This type of primary requires voters to declare their party affiliation before voting.
What is a closed primary?