Population and Migration
What type of migration is forced and often caused by war or natural disasters?
Forced Migration
What is the term for the spread of ideas or traits from one place to another?
Diffusion
What is the term for an independent country with defined borders and a permanent population?
State
What is the practice of growing crops and raising livestock for personal use?
Subsistence Agriculture
What is the term for the movement of people from rural to urban areas?
Urbanization
What stage of the Demographic Transition Model has high birth rates and high death rates?
Stage 1
What type of diffusion spreads rapidly through a population (like trends on social media)?
Contagious Diffusion
What type of boundary is based on physical features like rivers or mountains?
Physical Boundary
What model explains agricultural land use based on distance from a market?
Von Thunen Model
What model describes U.S. city growth in wedges and is based on transportation?
Sector Model (Hoyt)
What is the term for the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
What language family is the most widely spoken in the world?
Indo-European
What does a state with complete control over its internal and external affairs have?
Sovereignty
What type of agriculture is common in tropical regions and involves clearing land by burning?
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
What is the term for cities in developing countries that grow rapidly (10M+) due to rural-to-urban migration and often struggle to provide adequate housing and services?
Megacities
A migrant moves from a rural area to a nearby city because of better job opportunities. What type of factor is influencing this decision?
Economic push/pull factor
In a multilingual country, a simplified language develops to allow communication between groups without a common native language. What is this called?
Pidgin Language
What type of state is made up of a single ethnic group and has few cultural divisions?
Nation-State
What term describes the increased agricultural output that came about in the mid-1900s from high-yield seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and modern irrigation techniques?
The Green Revolution
What term describes improvements in a neighborhood that increase property values but displace residents?
Gentrification
A population pyramid with a wide base and rapidly narrowing top indicates what stage of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 2
A fast-food chain modifies its menu to fit local cultural preferences in different countries. What business strategy does this represent?
Glocalization
What supranational organization was created to promote political and economic cooperation among countries in Africa and replaced the Organization of African Unity in 2002?
African Union
What term refers to crops that have had their DNA altered using genetic engineering to improve yield, pest resistance, or drought tolerance?
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
What UN measure of development combines indicators of health (life expectancy), education, and income to compare countries’ levels of development?
Human Development Index (HDI)