Basics
A population continuing to grow for a while following a fertility decline, due to the large percentage of young people, is known as
What is demographic momentum?
___________ argued that while population grows geometrically, food production increases arithmetically, eventually resulting in checks on population when it reaches carrying capacity
Thomas Malthus
This phenomenon occurs when talented or educated individuals emigrate from their home country, reducing human capital.
Brain Drain
Describe populations that would most likely fall under DTM stage 4
Pyramid pretty evenly distributed, high life expectancy, lower birth rates and lower death rates etc.
Describe an economic push factor.
Lost job, Lack of jobs, Lack of resources, No money etc.
What is the difference between CBR and TFR?
CBR: births per 1,000 people in a population over a specific period, typically one year.
Total Fertility Rate: The average amount of children a woman of childbearing age is likely to have
This 19th-century geographer created laws of migration that still influence migration theory today.
Ravenstein
A man migrates from Guatemala to the United States and earns money to sponsor his wife and children to follow him to the United States. This is an example of
Chain migration
The reemergence of infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistance and globalization is a key feature of which debated additional stage of the ETM?
Stage 5
Describe a social pull factor.
My family lives there, My community lives there, I feel accepted there etc.
Identify the 4 major population regions of the world (where populations are most densely clustered)
Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Europe
Who advocated that overpopulation was a global crisis in his book The Population Bomb?
Paul Ehrlich
IDP stands for?
Internally Displaced Persons
The USA most likely falls under what stage of the DTM? What is the most commonly cited reason for this, considering its low birth rates?
Stage 4; Immigration
Describe carrying capacity and 1 example of something that could increase a piece of land's carrying capacity
The maximum amount of organisms that a piece of land can support. Technology could increase a piece of land's carrying capacity (fertilizer for example), etc.
Describe anti-natalism and pro-natalism, giving an example of a specific country that has promoted or would promote those ideas for each.
A: Ideas and policies that would limit the amount of babies being born - China, India, Bangladesh etc.
P: Ideas and policies that would encourage more babies to be born - Singapore, Denmark, Italy etc.
Describe the beliefs of Neo-Malthusians
Neo-Malthusians believe rapid population growth will outpace the Earth's resources, leading to environmental degradation, famine, and societal collapse. They advocate for population control measures (anti-natalism) to ensure sustainable development and resource use.
Describe the difference between assimilation and acculturation?
Assimilation: Complete loss of native culture and adoption of new culture you've migrated into
Acculturation: Adoption of certain characteristics but still adhering to the native culture you came from
Describe dependency ratio and give an example of a country that might have a high dependency ratio
DR is the measure of the number of dependents aged zero to 14 and over the age of 65, compared with the total population aged 15 to 64. This indicator gives insight into the number of people of nonworking age, compared with the number of those of working age.
Periphery countries, Stage 2/5 countries etc.
Explain the differences between IDPs and refugees
Internally displaced persons are displaced within their country, refugees outside of their country.
Describe the difference between Physiological, Agricultural and Arithmetic population density
Arithmetic: The average amount of people living in a set area.
Physiological: The average number of people per unit area of arable land.
Agricultural: The average number of farmers per unit of arable land.
Describe 3 of Ravenstein's Laws of migration
1) Most migrants go only a short distance
2) Migration proceeds step by step
3) Migrants traveling long distances generally go by preference to one of the great centers of commerce or industry, like cities.
4) Each current of migration produces a compensating counter-current, called counter migration
5) Natives of towns are less migratory than those of rural areas
6) Females are more migratory than males within the kingdom of their birth, but males more frequently venture beyond
7) Most migrants are adults: families rarely migrate out of their country of birth
8) Large towns/cities grow more by migration than by natural increase
9) Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves
Describe the difference between intraregional and interregional migration
Intraregional migration is defined as the movement of people within the same region of a country, (Ex: moving around the Houston area) whereas interregional migration refers to the movement of people from one region of a country to another (Moving from Texas to Louisiana)
Describe the CBR, CDR and RNI characteristics of Stage 2 of the DTM
In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, the Crude Birth Rate (CBR) remains high, while the Crude Death Rate (CDR) drops rapidly due to improvements in sanitation, medicine, and food supply. This causes the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) to spike, leading to a period of rapid population growth.
Describe the 5 stages of the Epidemiological Transition Model
1 - Pestilence and Famine
2- Receding Pandemics
3- Degenerative and Man-made diseases
4- Declining Mortality, Aging
5- Reemergence of Infectious Diseases + Antibiotic Resistance