Industrialization
Great Britain
the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice. The Goals interconnect and in order to leave no one behind, it ís important that we achieve each Goal and target by 2030.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
term for industrialized former colonial states that dominate the world economic system
core
Hiring workers in other countries to do a set of jobs
outsourcing
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.
primary sector
A reusable container that can transport and store products and raw materials between locations or countries drastically decreasing time, labor and costs in ports.
shipping container
An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the extent of each country's gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market.
Gender Inequality Index
Core, periphery, semi-periphery. This is illuminated by a three-tier structure, proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world
Wallerstein's World Systems Theory
Small-business loans often used to buy equipment or operate a business
microloans/microfinance
The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product; as opposed to an informal economy
the formal economy
a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another.
break of bulk point
The overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country.
Gross National Incomer per capita (GNI per capita)
the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.
Weber's Least Cost Theory
an international organization that acts as a lender of last resort, providing loans to troubled nations, and also works to promote trade through financial cooperation
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.
agglomeration
is the dominant system of economic production, consumption, and associated socio-economic phenomena in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century. The theory that modern industrial production should change from the large-scale mass-production methods towards the use of small flexible manufacturing units.
post-Fordist methods of production.
Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
Human Development Index (HDI)
a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor (periphery) nations by rich ones (core)
dependency theory
zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment
export processing zones (EPZs)
an urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by a measure of investment support, will stimulate regional economic development in its hinterland
growth poles
the property whereby long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases
economies of scale
The total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within the country.
Gross National Product (GNP)
all countries move through 5 steps to development and modernization through selling resources and global participation (productive)
Rostow's Stages of Development theory
Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed
just-in time delivery
An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.
multiplier effect