Cultures
The physical, visible objects made and used by members of a cultural group; includes buildings, furniture, clothing, food, artwork, and musical instruments
What is Material culture?
All the natural surroundings that create and shape the places we are living in or examining
What is Physical landscape?
A person who is fluent in more than two languages
What is a Polyglot?
A language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters
What is an Endangered language?
Describing a religion that spreads its message to others through missionary work
What is Proselytic?
Intangible elements of culture including a wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings passed from generation to generation within a given society
What is Nonmaterial culture?
A design style that is a reaction against modernist architecture; it has a flair for the dramatic, creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions
What is Postmodern architecture?
The ability to speak two languages fluently
What is Bilingualism?
A language that has only a few elderly speakers still living or no living speakers
What is an Extinct language?
Relating to the belief in many gods
What is Polytheistic?
Rural, ethnically homogeneous culture that is deeply connected to the local land; the opposite of a popular culture
What is Local culture?
Refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning
What is Sequent occupance?
A combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language
What is Creole?
The idea that cultures are converging, or becoming more alike
What is Convergence hypothesis?
A religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts
What is an Ethnic religion?
Heterogeneous culture that is more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies; the opposite of a local culture
What is Popular culture?
Natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear, or esteem
What are Sacred spaces?
A trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact
What is Pidgin?
Adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences
What is Glocalization?
A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application
What is a Universalizing religion?
A local culture that is no longer the dominant ethnic group within its traditional homeland because of migration, colonization, or political marginalization
What is Indigenous culture?
The feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment; occurs where local distinctiveness is erased and many places end up with similar cultural landscapes
What is Placelessness?
A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue
What is a Lingua franca?
The phenomenon whereby the introduction of new transportation technologies progressively reduces the time it takes to travel between places
What is Time-space convergence?
A faith that subscribes to the idea that souls or spirits exist not only in humans, but also in animals, plants, rocks, natural phenomena such as thunder, geographic features such as mountains or rivers, and other entities of the natural environment
What is an Animistic religion?