CHURCH FATHERS
HE WROTE AGAINST HERESIES AND WAS THE FIRST TO ADVOCATE FOR ONLY THE GOSPELS OF MATTHEW, MARK, LUKE, AND JOHN
WHO IS IRENAEUS OF LYONS?
IDENTIFIED BY THE GREEK WORD FOR "RULER," THESE EVIL CELESTIAL BEINGS SERVE AS IALDABAOTH'S MINIONS IN MANY NAG HAMMADI TEXTS
WHO ARE THE ARCHONS?
BASED ON THE GREEK VERB "TO SEEM," THIS HERESY WAS THE BELIEF THAT JESUS DID NOT INCARNATE IN FLESH, AND ONLY APPEARED TO BE HUMAN
WHAT IS DOCETISM?
IN THE 1890S, BERNARD GRENFELL AND ARTHUR HUNT WENT TO THIS ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SITE AND DISCOVERED HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PAPYRI
WHAT IS OXYRHYNCHUS?
THIS GREEK WORD (MEANING "RULE") IS THE LIST OF BOOKS THAT WERE APPROVED FOR THE NEW TESTAMENT OR THE HEBREW BIBLE
WHAT IS THE CANON?
HE ATTENDED THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA AS A YOUNG MAN. HIS 39TH FESTAL LETTER LISTED WHAT WOULD BECOME THE 27 BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
WHO IS ATHANASIUS?
MEANING "THE MAKER" IN GREEK, THIS CRAFTSMAN CHARACTER FROM PLATO'S TIMAEUS WAS RECAST AS IALDABAOTH IN THE APOCRYPHON OF JOHN
WHO IS THE DEMIURGE?
A 2ND AND 3RD CENTURY GROUP OF PHILOSOPHICAL CHRISTIANS THAT DIVIDED HUMANITY INTO THREE GROUPS (HYLIC, PSYCHICAL, AND SPIRITUAL)
WHO ARE THE VALENTINIANS?
ABBREVIATED AS → AND ↓ , THESE TWO LATIN WORDS ARE USED TO IDENTIFY WHICH SIDE OF A PAPYRUS THE TEXT IS COPIED UPON
WHAT ARE RECTO AND VERSO?
ACCORDING TO THE BOOK OF ACTS, HE WAS THE FIRST-EVER HERETIC
WHO IS SIMON MAGUS?
THIS 2ND CENTURY WRITER ASSUMED THAT JESUS NEVER MARRIED. A LETTER DISCUSSING THE SECRET GOSPEL OF MARK IS ATTRIBUTED TO HIM
WHO IS CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA?
THIS FEMALE HEROINE FEATURES PROMINENTLY IN THE HYPOSTASIS OF THE ARCHONS AND WAS RESCUED BY THE LUMINARY ELELETH
WHO IS NOREA?
A VERY EARLY CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT WHOSE COSMOLOGY WAS BASED ON THE PRIMARY TRIAD OF THE FATHER, MOTHER (BARBELO), AND SON
WHO ARE THE SETHIANS?
THIS FIFTH-CENTURY COPTIC MANUSCRIPT PRESERVES COPIES OF THE GOSPEL OF MARY AND THE APOCRYPHON OF JOHN
WHAT IS THE BERLIN CODEX?
THIS GENRE SPRUNG FROM HELLENIZED (I.E. GREEK) JUDAISM. IN BIBLICAL BOOKS, IT OFTEN TAKES THE FORM OF PROVERBS
WHAT IS WISDOM LITERATURE?
THIS IMPORTANT SCHOLAR IS KNOWN FOR TRANSLATING THE LATIN VULGATE. HE MAY HAVE BEEN CONFUSED ABOUT TITLES OF JEWISH-CHRISTIAN GOSPELS
WHO IS ST. JEROME?
PROBABLY A CENTRAL SETHIAN BAPTISMAL RITE, THIS RITUAL IS NEVER FULLY EXPLAINED IN THE NAG HAMMADI CORPUS
WHAT ARE THE FIVE SEALS?
BASED ON THE HEBREW WORD "POOR," THESE CHRISTIANS ADHERED TO JEWISH LAW AND THOUGHT THAT JESUS HAD BEEN CREATED AS AN ARCHANGEL
WHO ARE THE EBIONITES?
THIS LATIN WORD INDICATES A HOLE OR A LOST PORTION OF A MANUSCRIPT, RESULTING IN MISSING TEXT THAT MUST BE RECONSTRUCTED
WHAT IS A LACUNA?
THIS LATIN WORD MEANING "SEVENTY" REFERS TO THE GREEK TRANSLATION OF THE JEWISH SCRIPTURES
WHAT IS THE SEPTUAGINT?
IN HIS PANARION ("MEDICINE CHEST"), THIS 4TH-CENTURY BISHOP CRITIQUED THE COLLYRIDIANS, A GROUP THAT WORSHIPPED THE VIRGIN MARY
WHO IS EPIPHANIUS OF SALAMIS?
FOUND IN THE GOSPEL OF PHILIP, THIS COPTIC TERM DESCRIBES MARY MAGDALENE AS THE "TWIN" OR "CONSORT" OF CHRIST
WHAT IS HOTRE?
SOME PEOPLE ATTRIBUTED JOHN'S GOSPEL TO THIS HERETIC, BUT OTHERS SAID JOHN OF ZEBEDEE CONDEMNED HIM IN A BATHHOUSE
WHO IS CERINTHUS?
LATIN FOR "SACRED NAMES," THIS TERM REFERENCES A SCRIBAL PRACTICE OF ABBREVIATION FOUND IN MANY OF THE EARLIEST CHRISTIAN PAPYRI
WHAT ARE NOMINA SACRA?
THIS WELL-KNOWN STORY FOUND IN JOHN CHAPTER 8 IS ACTUALLY NOT PRESENT IN ANY OF THE OLDEST MANUSCRIPTS OF JOHN
WHAT IS THE PERICOPE OF THE ADULTERESS?