The Five Ways
This Way argues that everything in motion must be moved by something else.
First Way / Argument from Motion
Anselm's argument for God's existence is called this.
The Ontological Argument.
Murder, theft, and abuse are examples of this type of evil.
Moral evil.
Descartes famously said this famous line about the one thing we can know for sure.
"I think, therefore I am"
Something that depends on something else for its existence and does not have to exist.
Contingent.
Aquinas says this is impossible, which is why a first cause must exist.
infinite regression?
Anselm defined God as the greatest _____ being.
Conceivable.
This defense says God allows evil because it is better for humans to freely choose good than to be forced.
The Free Will Defense.
This wager says you should believe in God because you have nothing to lose and everything to gain.
Pascal's Wager.
Conversion of self, learn to mount a defense, and do it with gentleness and reverence
The Fifth Way is also called this, from the Greek word meaning "goal-oriented."
Teleological
Anselm says a God that exists in reality is greater than a God that exists only here.
In the mind.
Earthquakes, cancer, and hurricanes are examples of this type of evil.
Natural evil.
In this, the intellect grasps a truth because it is self-evident or demonstrated.
Knowing.
Aquinas's argument that everything that exists was caused by something else.
Argument from Causation / Efficient Cause.
The Third Way argues that contingent things require this type of being to exist.
What is a
necessary being
Aquinas rejected Anselm's argument because humans can't _____________________.
fully grasp God's essence.
The problem of evil argues that if evil exists, God must not have certain traits. Name two of them.
All Powerful. All Knowing. All Good. Exists in reality.
In this, the intellect is moved by the will trusting an authority.
Faith.
A being that must exist, and that does not rely on anything else.
Necessary being.
The Fourth Way says that degrees of goodness, truth, and perfection require this.
maximum standard of perfection.
Name the four traits of God according to St. Anselm
All Powerful, All Good, All Knowing, and Existing in reality
Which type of evil is a harder objection to God's existence? Why?
Natural evil. Because we can't attribute it to other people.
Foundational beliefs that support everything else we believe.
First Principles.
What does Ontological mean?
The study of being