The Science of Life
Organisms that can make their own energy
Autotrophs
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
The study of the interactions between living and nonlinving things
They study of cells
Cytology
A group of pigments found in green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is necessary for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring
Genetics
An organism that always passes a certain characteristic on to its offspring
True Breeding
A suggested, testable answer to a well-defined scientific question or a testable explanation of observations
Hypothesis
The basic building blocks of matter
Atom
An association of living organisms and the physical environment
Ecosystems
The ability to break food or nutrients down into simpler forms (by hydrolysis or with the help of enzymes) so it can be utilized
Digestion
What are the 2 reactants of photosynthesis?
water and carbon dioxide
The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA
Genetic Factors
Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait
Genotype
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of the sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food
Photosynthesis
Atoms are made of up these 3 subatomic particles
protons, neutrons and electrons
One or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such populations.
Species
The ability to respond to stimuli
Irritability
What are the 2 types of fermentation?
lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
Nonbiological factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of a person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices
Environmental Factors
A genotype in which both alleles are identical
Homozygous Genotype
The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions
Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation
Chemical that results when two or mor atoms join together chemically
Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms
Decomposers
A cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bounded organelles
Prokaryatic Cell
Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts. It is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis
Thykaloid
The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or portion of protein thereby causing a trait
Gene
An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
Dominant allele
The most widely used system of measurement in science using meters, grams, liters and degrees Celcius.
The Metric System
Neutrons and protons clump together in the center of the atom which is called:
Nucleus
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food Chain
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacterial cells
Cell Wall
True or False: Glycolysis occurs in the ribosome of cells
False
cytoplasm
The process by which two identical DNA molecules are produced from the original DNA molecule
DNA replication
A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
Pedigree
An explanation of some part of the natural world that has been thoroughly tested and is supported by a significant amount of evidence from observations and experiments
Scientific Theory
A molecule that contains atoms of at lease 2 different elements
compound
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
Transpiration
A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
Photosynthesis converts __________ energy into ___________ energy.
light, chemical
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
tRNA
Proteins in your immune system used to attack specific antigens
Antibody
An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents
A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Ionic Bond
A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits
Symbiosis
Plastids containing green pigment, chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
The second stage of cellular respiration where CO2 is used to complete the breakdown of pyurvic acid molecules, releasing energy
Krebs Cycle
A three base sequence on DNA
triplet
A complete series of an organism's genetic information encoded in its DNA
The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sourecs and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism's life functions
Metabolism
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic Mass
The process by which certain gases (principally water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space
Greenhouse Effect
Double membrane-bounded organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
Mitochondria
The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split in half
Glycolysis
The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
Zygote
An organism that has been genetically altered by humans
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)