Small Stuff
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
What is matter?
A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What is an ionic bond?
Two simple sugars (monosaccharides).
What are glucose and fructose?
pH of 0 to 6.9 and one example.
What is an acid? and what is vinegar, lemon juice, battery acid?
The fat that has double bonds between the carbon atoms, which makes it liquid at room temperature.
What is an unsaturated fat?
Special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many chemical reactions that support life.
What is an enzyme?
The number of protons in the atom which determines what the atom is and its characteristics.
What is the atomic number?
Chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.
What is a dehydration reaction?
pH of 7.1 to 14 and one example.
What is a base? What is baking soda or lye?
Complex hydrophobic molecules formed when three fatty acids link to glycerol in a dehydration reaction.
What are lipids?
Organic catalysts are dependent on these three to survive.
What are temperature, pH, and substrate?
Chemical that results when two or more atoms join together chemically.
What is a molecule?
A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom of another molecule (usually oxygen or nitrogen).
What is a hydrogen bond?
Name two polysaccharides in plants and one in animals.
What are starch and cellulose (in plants) and glycogen (in animals)?
Most organic bases have one.
What is an amino group?
Really big molecules, macromolecules, which provide nutrient storage, defend you from germs, communicate from cell to cell--without which we would have no life.
What are proteins?
The backbone of DNA.
What is phosphate?
A molecule that contains atoms of at least two different elements.
What is a compound?
An attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together and one example.
What is cohesion? and water beading up on wax paper.
Breaking down a complex molecule by the chemical addition of water.
What is hydrolysis?
A carbon atom single-bonded to a hydroxide ion (OH-) and double-bonded to an oxygen.
What is an acid group (or carboxyl group)?
A substance that alters the speed of a chemical process but is not used up in the process.
What is a catalyst?
The building blocks of DNA and RNA.
What are nucleotides?
Six atoms that could make an organic molecule?
An attractive force that holds molecules of different substances together and one example.
What is adhesion? and water meniscus between water and the walls of a glass or water beading up.
Name "fake" sugars and some deleterious affects they have.
What are aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose? Cause cancer? OK if stick to FDA amounts? What are sugar alcohols such as erythritol, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol? These can cause diarrhea. What are monk fruit and stevia? Also watch for digestion issues with these. All these sugar substitutes have almost no calories.
Lye and fat saponified.
What is soap?
The four possible protein structures.
What are primary (chain), alpha-helix, tertiary, quaternary structures?
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.