Genetics
The storehouse of information that governs the traits and characteristics of an organism
What is DNA
A section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait
What is a gene
During replication, these must untwist and separate
What are the two strands of a DNA molecule
Proteins are made in these, located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus
What are ribosomes
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
What is mitosis
The range of possible characteristics set by DNA
What is genetic predisposition
Three different organizations collaborated to sequence all of the DNA in a human being for this project
What is the Human Genome Project
What is helicase
When an mRNA strand is built, this process builds a negative image, or complementary copy, of the DNA strand to which it is linked
What is transcription
The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two
What is cytokinesis
Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices.
What are environmental factors
The condensed threads of chromatin found in the nucleus of a cell
What is a chromosome
This enzyme forms bonds between the sugars and phosphates of the backbone
What is DNA polymerase
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
What is codon
The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
What is a zygote
In these types of cells, DNA is primarily contained in the nucleus
What are eukaryotic cells
Humans have this amount of chromosomes in the nucleui of a cell
What are 46
One of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere
What is chromatid
The step in protein synthesis where mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome, then the tRNA strands carry amino acids to the mRNA and line them up in the order determined by the sequence of nucleotides
What is translation
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes
What is a haploid cell
These are the building blocks or monomers of DNA
What are nucleotides
What is a condensed chromosome
After replication, the chromosome consists of two identical strands of chromatin held together in this region
What is the centromere
A polymer made up of a bunch of monomers
What is a protein
What are two sister chromatids