Descriptions
The process of duplicating DNA in preparation for cell division is called ___________________.
DNA Replication
Transcription is the process of making a strand of _________ from a strand of __________
The process of making a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA
Translation is the process of using _________ to make ___________.
The process of using RNA to make PROTEINS
Mitosis is most similar to Meiosis I or Meiosis II?
Meiosis II (essentially it is Mitosis on Haploid Cells)
If a cell's DNA consists of 16 pairs of homologous chromosomes, what is the diploid number? What is the haploid number?
Diploid Number (2n) = 32, Haploid number (n) = 16
The time between cell divisions where cells grow and chromosomes replicate is called ______________.
Interphase
The RNA that carries the information for protein synthesis is called ____________.
mRNA
If the mRNA strand is - G-U-C-C-A-U, what would the tRNA anticodons be?
C-A-G-G-U-A
1 Haploid Cell turns into 2 Haploid Cells. Which has happened - Mitosis, Meiosis I or Meiosis II?
Meiosis II
What are the 3 main parts of the DNA?
Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogen Base
A figure showing metaphase chromosomes arranged by homologous pairs is called a _____________.
Karyotype
The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is determined by ___________________________.
The sequence of nucleotides in the DNA
What is the job of tRNA during Protein Synthesis?
1 Diploid Cell turns into 2 Diploid Cells. Which has happened - Mitosis, Meiosis I or Meiosis II?
Mitosis
2 cells that each have a diploid number of 24 go through mitosis. How many cells result and how many total chromosomes are in each cell?
4 cells will result, and each will have 24 chromosomes total
What are Diploid cells?
Cells containing two sets of chomosomes
If a DNA template has the sequence - G-T-A-C-G-A-T-C-C, what will the complementary mRNA sequence be? With a complete strand having 60 nucleotides, how many amino acids would be in the resulting polypeptide chain?
C-A-U-G-C-U-A-G-G. 60 nucleotides result in 20 amino acids
If the mRNA strand is A-U-G-A-G-U-G-C-C-U-C-A-U-A-A, use the table on pg. 228 to give the amino acid sequence. How many amino acids in the strand?
(Met) - (Ser) - (Ala) - (Ser)- STOP
4 amino acids (last is stop codon)
A single diploid cell goes through meiosis. How would we know if it was male or female?
In males, 4 gametes are produced (sperm). In females, 1 useful gamete is produced (egg).
2 cells that each have a diploid number of 24 go through meiosis. How many cells result and how many total chromosomes are in each cell?
8 cells will result, and each will have 12 chromosomes total
What are Gametes?
Cells containing one set of chromosomes (for purpose of sexual reproduction)
What is the difference between DNA replication and Transcription?
DNA replication is when genetic information (chromosomes) is duplicated in the nucleus of the cell in preparation for cell division. Transcription is when DNA is copied by mRNA nucleotides so the genetic information can be transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins.
In the DNA strand - C-G-T-A-G-T , the mRNA would be - G-C-A-U-C-A and the tMRNA would be - C-G-U-A-G-U. How does this show the original DNA code is maintained? What makes this possible?
The anticodons of the tRNA are the exact code as the original DNA template, except for Uracil replacing Thymine. This is possible because of the incredible design of complimentary base pairing.
Identify the stage of mitosis and put them in the correct order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase