Cell Cycle
The time between cell divisions where cells grow and chromosomes replicate.
What is Interphase?
The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring.
What is genetics?
During replication, these must untwist and separate
What are the two strands of a DNA molecule
Proteins are made in these, located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus
What are ribosomes
A three-base sequence on DNA.
What is a triplet?
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells.
What is Mitosis?
Otherwise known as deoxyribonucleic acid, it is the storehouse of information that governs its traits and characteristics.
What is DNA?
This enzyme goes through and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases holding the two strands together, so it can break apart the double helix of DNA.
What is helicase?
When an mRNA strand is built, this process builds a negative image, or complementary copy, of the DNA strand to which it is linked
What is transcription
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
What is a codon?
The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two.
What is cytokinesis?
The condensed threads of chromatin found in the nucleus of a cell
What is a chromosome?
This enzyme forms bonds between the sugars and phosphates of the backbone and bonds the new DNA strands
What is DNA polymerase?
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
What is codon
The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
What is a zygote
The process of sexual reproduction by which a diploid cell forms gametes.
What is meiosis?
Humans have this amount of chromosomes in the nucleui of a cell
What are 46
Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.
What is chromatin?
The step in protein synthesis where mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome, then the tRNA strands carry amino acids to the mRNA and line them up in the order determined by the sequence of nucleotides
What is translation
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes
What is a haploid cell?
The part of the cell cycle where cells spend most of their time.
What is interphase?
The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein, thereby causing a trait.
What is a Gene?
After replication, the chromosome consists of two identical strands of chromatin held together in this region
What is the centromere
The introns are removed and the exons are spliced together, so that the mRNA has the necessary information to make a protein and nothing more.
What is RNA splicing?
These form the X shape during mitosis and meiosis and count as only one chromosome.
What are two sister chromatids?