Module 8
Electrons that exist farthest away from the atom's nucleus, usually with the highest energy level
What are valence electrons?
The number that tells you how many protons an atom contains
What is an atomic number?
When there is more than one reactant in a chemical equation, the name of the reactant that runs out first.
What is a limiting reactant?
A reaction that changes a compound into its constituent elements
The element that makes up the majority of the air we breathe
What is nitrogen?
A shared pair of valence electrons that hold atoms together in covalent compounds
What is a covalent bond?
The number of wave crests or troughs that pass a given point each second
Being able to relate the quantities of different substances in a chemical equation
What is stoichiometry?
O2 is added to a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, producing CO2 and H2O
What is complete combustion reaction?
Italian salad dressing, a bowl of cereal and milk, a cake with icing on it all have this in common
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Two shared electron pairs making a bond that is much stronger than a single bond
What is a double bond?
The theory that light sometimes behaves as a particle and sometimes behaves as a wave
In a chemical equation the volume of gases relate directly to the number of moles of the gases according to this law
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
Avogadro's number
What is 6.02 x 1023?
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
The process by which an atom turns into an ion by gaining or losing electrons
What is ionization?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What are isotopes?
A formula that provides the number of each type of atom in a molecule
What is molecular formula?
4.0 grams of He, 52.0 grams of Cr, 55.8 grams of Fe, and 197.0 grams of Au all have this in common
What is they all contain one mole of atoms?
Nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and hydrogen are all a part of this group
What are homonuclear diatomics?
The rule that states that most atoms strive to attain eight valence electrons
What is the octet rule?
The area around the nucleus in which electrons orbit in a dumbbell shape
What is p orbital?
Molecular or Empirical?
K2Cr2O7
What is empirical formula?
The number of grams in one atomic mass unit
What is 1.66 x 10-24 grams?
Balanced or unbalanced?
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is balanced?