Vocabulary
The study of living organisms.
What is Biology? (pg. 305)
All cells contain these 4 major ELEMENTS which combine in various ways to form essential compounds.
What are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen? (pg. 306)
These organelles are the location where the process of photosynthesis occurs.
What are chloroplasts? (pg. 309)
The environmentally controlled growth of microorganisms (like bacteria or yeast).
What are cultures? (pg. 312)
As opposed to microscopic, this term refers to objects large enough to be seen with the naked eye.
What is macroscopic? (pg. 315)
The scientific study of fungi.
What is Mycology? (pg. 315)
Also known as "The Chemicals of Life", these are the 4 major compounds, or complex molecules, in cells.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids? (pg. 306)
What is a semi-permeable membrane? (pg. 307)
This device helps microbiologists view viruses which are sub microscopic.
What is an electron microscope? (pg. 311)
These organisms obtain nutrients by breaking down dead or decaying organic matter.
What are saprophytes? (pg. 315)
The study of microscopic organisms.
What is Microbiology? (pg. 311)
Human muscles and organs are made up of these complex molecules necessary to carry out numerous chemical processes including growth, maintenance, and cell replacement.
What are proteins? (pg. 306)
These non-membrane bound structures are responsible for making proteins and are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
What are ribosomes? (pg. 308)
This type of organism lives on or in a host and feeds off of it, often harming the host in the process.
What is a parasite? (pg. 313)
When you kick a mature mushroom in your yard, you are essentially acting as a gardener by spreading these reproductive "seeds" of the fungus.
What are spores? (pg. 316)
These medicines only work on living organisms such as bacteria and do not fight off viruses.
What are antibiotics? (pg.314)
Made up of fatty acids, these complex molecules are an efficient way to store food, and contain over twice the energy of carbohydrates.
What are lipids? (pg. 306)
These are the main structural components of cell membranes which are essential for signaling and nutrient uptake, and contain a unique double layer of molecules including a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
What are phospholipids? (pg. 310)
These microbes are considered non-living things because they cannot reproduce themselves and must hijack a host cell to replicate.
What are viruses? (pg. 311)
After an initial infection, the body creates these cells that serve as a "shortcut", allowing for rapid antibody production in future encounters.
What are memory cells? (pg. 315)
A branch of cell biology that focuses on cell structures and how they function.
What is Cytology? (pg. 307)
Made up of DNA and RNA, these are the most complex molecules involved in the creation, repair, and reproduction of proteins.
What are nucleic acids? (pg. 307)
These organelles recycle materials within the cell. Because they must keep an acidic pH environment, they are surrounded by their own lipid bilayer to protect other organelles within the cell.
What are lysosomes? (pg. 309)
From the video you learned that these prokaryotic organisms live everywhere. They can be harmful and helpful, and along with algae make up most of the world's oxygen.
What is bacteria? (pg. 311 and YouTube: "Microorganisms" @Peeksboo_Kidz)
These diseases, often caused by bacteria or viruses, typically spread through one of three ways: contact with infected people, animals carrying disease, and contaminated food and water.
What are infectious diseases?(pg. 315, On Your Own 11.5)