vitamins and minerals
Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not widely stored are called what?
Water-soluble vitamins
Temperature regulation, transport, and lubrication are functions of what essential nutrient?
Water
Proper hand washing requires scrubbing for at least how many seconds?
20 secs
Which nutrient is essential early in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?
Folate (folic acid)
What is the term for foodborne illness caused by consuming toxins produced by bacteria?
Food intoxication
A deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy.
Vitamin C
Excess water intake causing dangerously low sodium levels is called what?
Hyponatremia
This inflammation marker is associated with cardiovascular disease.
C-reactive protein (CRP)
What is the recommended exclusive food source for infants for the first 6 months?
Breast milk
These foods—corn, soybeans, and canola—are commonly produced using what technology?
Genetic modification (GMOs)
Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to rickets or osteomalacia.
Vitamin D
During long-duration exercise, the body increasingly relies on what nutrient for energy?
Fat
Most foodborne illnesses are caused by what microorganisms?
Bacteria
Older adults often have decreased stomach acid, affecting absorption of which vitamin?
Vitamin b12
The four kitchen safety steps are clean, separate, cook, and what?
Chill
Which mineral is a major component of hemoglobin?
Iron
Which athletes are commonly at risk for iron-deficiency anemia?
Endurance athletes
The four core food-safety principles: clean, separate, cook, and what?
Chill
Dehydration is especially dangerous for which population due to reduced thirst sensation?
Older adults
Botulism is most commonly linked to improperly processed or stored what?
Canned foods
The term for how well a nutrient is absorbed and used is what?
Bioavailability
What hormone helps the kidneys retain water when dehydrated?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The cluster of conditions including insulin resistance, high waist circumference, hypertension, high triglycerides, and low HDL is known as what?
Metabolic syndrome
Weight gain, nutrient needs, and fetal development occur during this period.
Pregnancy
Preservatives, pesticides, and biotechnology fall under what broader topic in nutrition?
Environmental and food safety concerns