energy systems
what are the 3 energy systems?
ATP-CP system, Anaerobic glycolysis system, Aerobic energy system.
What is the definition of reciprocal inhibition?
where skeletal muscles work together (in pairs) to produce movement → one muscle contracts whilst another relaxes
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
What are muscle fibres
They are single muscle cells responsible for contraction and movement
What is the relationship between heart rate and exercise intensity?
A linear relationship
what are the two types of recovery? provide examples.
Passive: Recovery through rest; Standing, laying, sitting down.
Active: Recovery through (low intensity) movement: Walking, jogging
Fill in the blanks: (Type of Movement) ____ at the elbow = Biceps contract, triceps ___.
Flexion at the elbow = Biceps contract, triceps relax.
Which are the characteristics of fibrous joints?
Fibrous joints are immovable, but connected by fibrous connective tissue so as to provide strength and stability.
What is the description of a fusiform muscle?
all the muscle belly fibres are arranged parallel to each other
produce a low force
What is the difference between Absolute VO2 max and Relative VO2 max
- Absolute doesn’t regard the age,weight or gender while relative does
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic energy systems?
Aerobic energy systems use oxygen molecules to resynthesise ATP, whereas anaerobic systems do not use oxygen.
When bending your knee, which muscle is the agonist and which muscle is the antagonist?
hamstrings = agonist, quadriceps = antagonist
What are the 6 types of Synovial joints?
Planar (gliding), hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, ball-and-socket joints
What is the description of a pennate muscle?
muscle fibres are arranged at an angle/slanting position to the tendon
allows for better stabilisation and more force → less flexibility though
Name every possible movement of the synovial joints.
Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, rotation, circumduction, inversion, eversion
What does ATP stand for, and what does it consist of?
Adenosine Triphosphate. Consists of adenosine molecule and a chain of three phosphate molecules that are bound together by high energy bonds.
If the antagonist is the Gluteus Maximus, what is the agonist?
Iliopsoas
What are the two main joints involved in throwing a ball?
The shoulder joint (ball-and-socket), and the elbow joint (hinge)
What is the description of a radiate muscle?
widespread expansion over a sizeable area→then align to a single common attachment
capable of producing both strength and power
What is motor unit recruitment?
It is a process carried out by the nervous system in which increasingly larger motor units are activated so as to increase muscle force and gain greater speed.
What type of exercise is well suited for the ATP-CP system, and why?
High intensity actions; The ATP-CP system is able to provide energy for explosive muscular contractions, because of rapid rate.
HOWEVER, the duration of the system is roughly 10 seconds, so can only fuel movements that are very short in duration, because of low yield.
What muscle is paired with the hip adductor muscle
Gluteus medius
What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
joints where bone surfaces are enclosed within fluid filled capsules, capable of the greatest movement, are the weakest of the 3 joint types
What are the types of muscle fibres?
Type 1 (slow twitch), Type 2A fast twitch oxidative and Type 2B fast twitch glycolytic
Define a lever and explain its components with reference to the arrangement of third class levers and the human body.
A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate around a fixed point. There are three components: the axis (the joint), a resistance (the weight or load), an effort (the muscle force). Third class levers are arranged with the axis and load on opposite ends of the beam with the force placed in the middle.