Memory Types
What type of memory allows you to consciously recall the date of a friend's wedding?
Explicit memory
Which working-memory component directs attention and coordinates tasks?
Central executive
What is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
What type of memory briefly holds incoming sensory information?
Sensory memory
What does LTP stand for?
Long-term potentiation
What type of memory stores facts and general knowledge, such as the capital of France?
Semantic memory
Which component temporarily processes verbal and auditory information?
Phonological loop
What type of processing focuses on the appearance or structure of information?
Shallow structural processing
What is the name for brief visual sensory memory?
Iconic memory
What happens to synaptic connections during long-term potentiation?
Synaptic connections become stronger, making communication between neurons more effective.
What type of memory helps you remember to complete an assignment tomorrow?
Prospective memory
Which component handles visual images and spatial relationships?
Visuospatial sketchpad
What type of processing focuses on the meaning of information?
Semantic processing
What is the name for brief auditory sensory memory?
Echoic memory
What is neurogenesis?
The formation of new neurons.
What type of memory allows you to ride a bike without consciously recalling each movement?
Procedural memory
What kind of information does the phonological loop help you rehearse when repeating a phone number aloud?
Verbal or auditory information
According to the levels-of-processing model, which type of processing generally produces stronger memories?
Deep processing
What are the three stages in the traditional multi-store model of memory?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
Which process strengthens neural connections following repeated activation?
Long-term potentiation
What type of memory involves personal experiences, such as remembering your last birthday party?
Episodic memory
What is the main difference between working memory and long-term memory?
Working memory temporarily holds and manipulates information, while long-term memory stores information over extended periods.
What kind of processing requires conscious attention and deliberate effort to learn information?
Effortful processing
What is the process of accessing information already stored in memory?
Retrieval
How can neurogenesis be distinguished from encoding?
Neurogenesis creates new neurons, while encoding transforms information into a form that can be stored in memory.