Pre CC
Let's Explore
Wanna Trade?
Just in Caste
Colonial Comparison (2.2 & 2.3)
Transatlantic Trade (2.4)
Native Neighbors (2.5)
Not Our Finest Moment (2.6)
100
A key piece of information about Native Americans is that in the 15,000 years before the arrival of Columbus they built societies that were both _________ and _________.
Distinct / diverse / varied
Complex / sophisticated
100
The three major motivations of European exploration and conquest were ...
Wealth / monetary / economic motivation
Political (military / economic) competition
Spreading Christianity / religion
100
A major impact of the Columbian exchange was the decimation of indigenous populations, but to be fair this was less the result of extermination or murder and more as a result of ...
Diseases
100
When looking exploring forced labor options the Spanish implemented the ________________ system which offered as agreeing to slave labor in exchange for protection from the Spanish crown.
Encomienda system
100
What were two shared interests or goals the European empires had coming to the Americas?
Gold (finding valuable metal/minerals) and glory (land and credibility for the motherland).
100
Economic policy designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy through imperialism/colonialism and high tariffs to discourage trade with other nations.
Mercantilism
100
What was the primary cause of conflict between the British and the Native Americans? How was this different from conflicts between the Spanish and the natives?
British conflict with the Native Americans was usually over the taking of land while the Spanish were more aggressive at enslaving or conquering the Native Americans.
100
In which of the British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700’s? (New England, Middle, Southern/Chesapeak)
All of them
200
Part of the reason the Mexica / Aztec's were able to build as sophisticated of a civilization as they did was because they mastered the cultivation of this food source.
Maize
200
The appropriating or selling of another community's spiritual or cultural items as novelty or every day items for the sake of making a profit.
Commodification
200
What major disease did the Europeans give the Native Americans? What major disease did the Europeans believe they got from the natives?
Small pox and syphilis
200
What were the two main types of work that the Spanish forced upon the Native Americans?
Digging for gold and other precious minerals
Agriculture / farming
200
What was one thing unique to each the Spanish, French, and the British colonies in the Americas?
Spanish: focused on religion, looking to conquer/convert the native Americans, especially brutal to the natives
French: focused on a mutually beneficial (fur) trade, worked cooperatively with native Americans, even married natives for economic alliances
British: the one group that really focused on settling and building a community, brought over many more families than the Spanish or French
200
Draw the transatlantic trade triangle and identify at least one good transported from Africa to North America, from North America to Europe, and from Europe to North America.
Africa to North America → Slaves
North America to Europe → raw materials, lumber, tobacco
Europe to North America → finished goods, luxury goods, finished metal goods, guns, horses
200
Three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early 1600s.
The Powhatan (or Anglo-Powhatan) Wars
200
Which colonies had greater numbers of slaves and why?
Chesapeake/southern colonies had a great climate for growing tobacco and other cash crops which were labor intensive.
300
Native Americans who lived on the Great Basin and Great Plains regions adapted to the challenging arid climate by ...
Being nomadic / mobile / moving around
300
an economic system in which colonizing countries set up colonies in an effort to gain raw materials and cheap labor while selling the colonists finished goods
(colonial) mercantilism
300
What are three items that were exported from North America back to Europe?
gold, tobacco, cotton, molasses, ivory, hardwood / lumber, furs
300
What were the two biggest challenges the Spanish faced with indigenous forced labor that ultimately caused them to switch to importing forced labor from Africa?
Native Americans kept escaping and/or dying.
300
These colonies grew prosperous exporting tobacco—a labor- intensive product initially cultivated by white, mostly male indentured servants and later by enslaved Africans.
Chesapeake, Carolina, or Southern
300
What was England's general approach for governing the colonies?
Salutary neglect: England left the colonies alone as long as they transported raw materials back to England
England often installed governors but would then let the colonists set up legislatures to govern themselves
300
An 1676 armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers against Colonial Governor William Berkeley, after Berkeley refused to drive Native Americans out of Virginia.
Bacon's Rebellion
300
Considered the greatest slave revolt in the southern colonies, this 1739 South Carolina slave revolt resulted in 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed.
Stono Rebellion
400
Native Americans who settled near the Mississippi river could build greater towns and cities because the water provided reliable ____________.
Agriculture / farming / crops
400
What were the two big factors that spurred European explorations both pushing them to explore sea trade routes and then to explore the Americas once they found them. (What two things made this exploration more possible)
Improvements in maritime technology
More organized methods for conducting international trade (shifting from feudalism to capitalism)
400
What import from Europe arguably had the most drastic impact on the Native American's daily life?
The importation of horses
400
The name of the Spanish class structure that structured inhabitants of the colonies by race.
The Casta System
400
This religious community settled the New England colonies, developed around small towns with family farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.
Puritans
400
What were two radical demographic shifts caused by Transatlantic trade?
Native American populations were decimated (destroyed)
African slaves were introduced into the colonies (and exploded in the Southern colonies)
More stable food supplies caused population growth in Europe
400
This bloody Native American uprising result in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region and the Spanish to be less aggressive and cruel and subjugating the Native Americans.
Pueblo Revolt
400
This system of slavery, which allowed people — considered legal property — to be bought, sold and owned forever.
Chattel slavery
500
What was one major cultural difference between most Native Americans and most Europeans?
Family structure: Europeans focused on the nuclear family while native Americans focused more on extended family
Religion: Europeans were monotheistic (one God / Christian) while the Native Americans were polytheistic / nature based Gods
Land: Europeans believed land was something you could own and was to be used up, Native Americans believed in a relationship with the land and that it was something to take care of
500
In 1492 Columbus landed in Guanahani which is located in what modern country?
The Bahamas
500
What were two items traded to African war lords in exchange for enslaved labor?
guns, cloth, iron, beer
500
Here is a picture of the Spanish caste system.
Define 3 out the following 4 ... who were the penninsulares, creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes?
Penninsulares: people with Spanish ancestry born on the Spanish penninsula
Creoles: people with Spanish ancestry born in the colonies
Mestizos: people with mixed Spanish and indigenous ancestry
Mulattoes: people with mixed Spanish and African ancestry
500
These colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops and attracted a broad range of European migrants, leading to societies with greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity and tolerance.
Middle Colonies
500
These 1650 acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.
Navigation Acts
500
British conflicts with American Indians over land, resources, and political boundaries led to this military confrontation that a long-standing alliance between the New England colonists and the natives
Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War)
500
What were two ways that life became more challenging for African slaves in the 1700s?
→ Slavery shifted from temporary indentured servitude to permanent chattel slavery
→ British colonies passed new laws that prohibited interracial relationships, defined the descendants of African American mothers as black and enslaved in perpetuity, made it illegal to free African slaves, made it illegal for freed blacks to stay in certain colonies
→ Africans lost their power in the court system, black women had little to no power against white men in the court system