The Empire Strikes First
Rival newspapers the World and the Evening world used sensationalism and crude exaggeration in attempts to gain each others readership
Yellow journalism
Theodore Roosevelt's economic policy that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
The Square Deal
A systematic reorganization of the country's entire economy to produce the soldiers, food supplies, and ammunition necessary to win a war
Total War / Mobilization
Greatest technological innovation that made the materialism and opulence of the 1920s possible.
The assembly line
Explain the difference in economic philosophy between Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt.
Hoover believed the economy would recover on its own and that people just needed to buckle down and work harder.
Roosevelt believed people needed relief now and that the government had a role in helping the country recover from the great depression.
What vocabulary word describes American's primary position on whether or not the US should get involved in World War I
Isolationist: believed the country should not get 'entangled' in other country's affairs
1899 foreign policy statement reaffirming the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade
Open Door Policy
Progressive writers who had a reputation for exposing and bringing attention to corruption in big business and government
Muckrakers
a secret diplomatic communication that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in which Germany would aid Mexico in recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico back from the United States
The Zimmerman telegraph
forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people, possibly creating a national culture or a set of values that a society considered important
Mass media
Historians commonly agree that this event stimulated the economy and ultimately brought the Great Depression to an end in the United States
Mobilization for World War II
The end of World War II resulted in increase distrust for this political system and resulted in the rise of this conflict.
Communism / Cold War
What were three (of the four) arguments made my advocates FOR imperialism in the early 1900s?
materials and markets: imperialism was an opportunity to increase access to raw natural resources and new customers
sea power: argument that securing a strong world presence foreign markets relied on a robust navy
Christian duty: belief that it was the responsibility of the white race to expand itself abroad and bring the glories of Christianity and western civilization to the dark and backward lands of the world
social darwinism: the belief that the order of nature was for the strong to eat the weak and only the fittest survive, so that stronger nations have the natural right to conquer weaker nations
Progressives advocated this reform specifically to undermine the power/corruption of political bosses
Secret Ballot
What were 3 major points from Woodrow Wilson's 14 points?
all countries reduce armaments
free seas
Creation of a League of Nations
Self-determination
The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal in the United States by a constitutional amendment.
Prohibition
Social Security
Two Japanese cities the US bombed in hopes of bringing an end to World War II.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What were the three territories / colonies the US gained as a result of winning the Spanish-American War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
W.E.B. Du Bois and other young activists, who pushed back against the accommodating beliefs of Booker T. Washington and came together at to demand full black equality
Niagara Movement
What were 3 major clauses from the Treaty of Versailles?
military clauses
political clauses
retribution clauses
war guilt clause
The 3 R's Franklin Roosevelt focused on to help the United States 'bounce back' from the Great Depression.
Relief: provide immediate relief to those struggling most
Recovery: economic adjustments designed to get the economy moving again.
Reform: putting new regulations in place to ensure this kind of economic crisis does not happen again and that people have confidence in their financial institutions
What were two demographics strongly impacted by the US mobilization for World War II and how were they impacted?
women: previously discouraged from participating in the workforce, the labor shortage caused by men shipping off and increased production resulted in the federal government making a concerted effort to get women working in factories
African Americans: more than one million joined the military– many participating in the war effort as a way to put race issues on the national agenda and to raise their status at home
Mexican immigrants / farm workers: In response to so many agricultural workers leaving their fields to participate in the war, Congress made a new provision 1942 to allow Mexican farm workers to enter the US to help with planting and harvesting without having to go through the normal immigration process
Japanese-Americans: as a result of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, this demographic quickly became associated with our wartime enemy and were unfairly accused of being spies. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which authorized the federal government to relocate over 100,000 of this demographic to internment camps scattered throughout the western states
What were three arguments made my advocates AGAINST imperialism in the early 1900s?
isolationism: invoking the words of George Washington and his Farewell speech the belief argued that the US should not meddle in other country's affairs
self-determination: the belief that a nation should be able to decide for itself who ruled it and what laws were passed
“follow the flag”: somewhat racist argument that worried that the United States would need to extend the rights of citizens to 'inferior peoples' that it subjugated
The 3 procresses pushed by progressives to empower voters in the democratic system
initiatives: empowered voters to require legislators to consider a bill that they chose to ignore and essentially say, “This needs to be a law.”
referendum: voters themselves could vote on the adoption of proposed laws
recall: was established as a way to remove a corrupt politician before their term was complete
Woodrow Wilson's quote for why he believed the US had to participate in World War I.
"The world must be made safe for democracy."
What were three factors that contributed to the Stock Market crash of 1929?
credit: an arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future that became very popular in the 1920s
materialism: the idea that a person's well-being and happiness depend on obtaining consumer goods and material possessions
buying stocks on margin: a major cause of the Great Depression, purchasing portions of a company on credit, hoping the price will rise and the stock can be sold for a profit before the loan comes due
market-overconfidence: self-feeding upward cycle of the stock market in the 1990s that caused people to have unrealistic expectations in the continued growth of the stock market
overproduction / fluctuating wheat prices: US farmers overproduced wheat, were having trouble figuring out how to sell it, causing wheat prices to fluctuate and impact the rest of the market
What was one policy initiative (other than social security) that came out of Franklin Roosevelts New Deal(s).
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Glass-Steagall Act of 1933
National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933
National Labor Relations Act
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Name two initiatives created by Franklin Roosevelt to help Great Britain in World War II while officially maintaining a position of neutrality.
Cash and Carry: adopted in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them
Destroyers for Bases: Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean
Lend-Lease Act: 1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security