historical JOHNS
Military leader at the English settlement known as Jamestown (1608) who helped save
the Jamestown settlement from collapsing. He was captured by natives during a hunting expedition
and was saved by Pocahontas
John Smith
Separatists; worried by "Dutchification" of their children they left Holland on the Mayflower
in 1620; they landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts.
Pilgrims
was a religious revival occurring in the 1730's and 1740's
to motivate the souls of colonial America. Motivational speakers such as Jonathan Edwards and
George Whitefield helped to bring Americans together.
The Great Awakening
An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish government to find a
passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," when he landed on and
named the Caribbean island of San Salvador on October 12, 1492. He conducted three other
journeys prior to his death in 1503.
Christopher Colombus
Spanish explorers that invaded Central and South America for its riches during the
1500s. In doing so, they conquered the Incas, Aztecs, and other Native Americans of the area.
Eventually, they intermarried with these tribes.
Conquistadors
An Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia and married
Pocahontas. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in
North America. He was killed in 1622, during one of many Indian attacks on the colony.
John Rolfe
Set of beliefs established in the 1500’s by John Calvin that the Puritans followed. It
preached virtues of simple worship, strict morals, pre-destination and hard work.
Calvinism
In 1676, Bacon, a young planter led a rebellion against people who were
friendly to the Indians. In the process he torched Jamestown, Virginia and was murdered by Indians
bacon rebelloin
An English explorer for the court of Queen Elizabeth I, who sponsored the first
English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina (1585) that failed and
became known as "The Lost Colony.
Sir Walter Raleigh
These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to
support finance colonies. Examples were the London Company and Plymouth Company. They’re the
forerunner of modern day corporations
Joint stock company
John Winthrop immigrated to the Mass. Bay Colony in the 1630's to become the
first governor and to led a religious experiment. He once said, "We shall be a city on a hill,"
highlighting the special nature of Massachusetts
John Winthrop
They were a group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church.
Their ideas started with John Calvin in the 16th century and they first began to leave England in
1608.
Puritans
1689-1691, an ill-fated bloody insurgency in New York City took place between
landholders and merchants.
Leisler's rebellion
A pilgrim that lived in the northern colony called Plymouth. He was chosen
governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them;
well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation."
William Bradford
Plantation systems where Indians were essentially enslaved under the
disguise of being converted to Christianity
Encomidia system
Zenger was a newspaper printer in the eighteenth century. Using the power of
the press, he protested the royal governor in 1734-35. He was put on trial for this "act of treason."
The jury went against the royal governor and ruled Zenger innocent, since what he’d written was true.
This set the standards for freedom of the press.
John Peter Zenger
Pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620's who traveled over the Atlantic Ocean
on the Mayflower. As the purest, most extreme Pilgrims, they claimed to be too strong to be
discouraged by minor problems as others were.
seperatists
The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of
Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four hundred colonists survived. The rest died of
starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the New
World
Staving time
English Quaker; started the "Holy Experiment" of Pennsylvania; persecuted because
he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; "first American advertising man";
freedom of worship there
William Penn
Female religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and
political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the
principles of Massachusetts’ religious and political system and her ideas became known as the
heresy of antinomianism, causing her to be banished form the colony.
Anne Hutshincon
Italian named Giovanni Caboto who explored the northeastern coast of North America
for England in 1497.
John Cabot
Primary idea behind Calvinism; states that salvation or damnation are foreordained
and unalterable; first put forth by John Calvin in 1531; was the core belief of the Puritans who settled
New England in the seventeenth century
Predistination
1620- A contract made by the voyagers on the Mayflower agreeing that they
would form a simple government where majority ruled. Often considered the first step in self-
government in the Northern colonies
mayflower compact
He was a British colonial governor of Virginia from 1642-52. He showed that he
had favorites in his second term which led to the Bacon's rebellion in 1676 , which he ruthlessly
suppressed. He had poor frontier defense
William Berkely
Became known in 1738 during the 1st Great Awakening as a great preacher
who had recently been an alehouse attendant. Everyone in the colonies loved to hear him preach of
love and forgiveness because he had a passionate style of preaching. This led to new missionary
work in the Americas in converting Indians and Africans to Christianity, as well as lessening the
importance of the old clergy.
George Whitefield