African Americans
He was a president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and civil rights activist who organized a march on Washington D.C. in 1941 to pressure FDR to end job discrimination in federal defense industries, FDR urged this organizer to call off the march in exchange for executive order 8802 which to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nations defense industry.
Who is A. Phillip Randolph
She was involved in politics and encouraged women to work in government. She fought for racial equality and traveled across the country to shape and promote FDR's ideas of social reform and New Deal policies.
Who is Eleanor Roosevelt
They were white colonists at the bottom of the social scale. They were poor, so they paid their passage to the New World by working for four or more years when they arrived in the colonies. When they completed their agreement, they would often receive "freedom dues," a pre-arranged termination bonus. This might include land, money, a gun, clothes or food.
What is Indentured Servants
This case involved a man who was 1/8 Black who received a fine for refusing to leave a white only section on a Louisiana train. The Supreme Court ruled that the 14th amendment only ensured political equality and that "separate but equal" did not mean inferiority or discrimination.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
By 1836, The National Republicans were calling themselves ______ to suggest affinity with revolutionary radicals. The party was composed of industrialists and merchants from the northeast, wealthy farmers from the west and southern plantation owners.
What is the Whigs
He was born a slave but became educated and founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to teach African Americans vocational training necessary for jobs in the South. He told blacks to become self reliant and to work hard so that they could earn the white men's respect, and to gradually improve their economic and political power.
Who is Booker T. Washington
She wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1963, a book that criticizes the male-oriented society that subjugates women to menial roles such as housewifery. This book inspired women to launch the modern women's rights movement and to reject traditional roles. One of the results of the modern feminist movement was the creation of the National Organization of Women (NOW) and ERA.
Who is Betty Friedan
This theory stated that the colonies existed to supply the Mother country with goods that could not be produced at home. In turn, the colonies would purchase the Mother Country's good with gold or silver for the benefit of the Mother Country and the dependence of the colonies.
What is Mercantilism
This case established the principle of judicial review, this action made part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and was the first time the Supreme Court had made an act of congress unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison (1803)
These acts closed the port of Boston, sent troops and the British Navy to stop trade from Boston and ended town hall meetings. The crown also took control of the government of Massachusetts. This laws were passed to punish the colonist for the Boston Tea Party.
What is the Coersive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1774
Mixed descent leader born in Massachusetts who was the first black to earn his Ph.D at Harvard. He advocated for black equality and was one fo the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He favored a vigorous resistance to racism and wanted blacks to pursue liberal arts degrees and to challenge segregation.
Who was W.E.B. DuBois
She was an advocate for prison reform and pressured for the creation of insane asylums for the mentally ill. She also served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses during the Civil War,
Who was Dorothea Dix
This riot led by the Knights of Labor in Chicago. It began as an attempt to secure the 8 hour work day. 12 people were killed when an anarchist threw a bomb into policemen. This act of violence was linked to the Knights of Labor and was a major setback to their cause.
What is the Haymarket Square Riot (1886)
The Supreme Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise "equal" in quality. The court ruled that schools should be integrated, but left lower courts to carry out the decision with all deliberate speed.
What is Brown v. Board of Education Topeka (1954)
It stated that Cuba could not make any commitment that would take away it's sovereignty and could not contract debts that were beyond its incoming revenue. It gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuba whenever the U.S. felt it had to defend democracy. It also gave the U.S. access to a military base at Guantanamo Bay.
What is the Platt Amendment (1901)
Black slave, who claimed to have heard angels who told him to "act as Moses and free his people from bondage." This prompted him to lead a slave revolt in Virginia, which resulted in the deaths of 60 whites. This rebellion caused the banishment of anti slavery propaganda from the South and harsher rules to prevent slaves from organizing.
Who is Nat Turner (1831)
She broke away from the National American Woman Suffrage Association to form the more radical National Woman's Party. She clashed with Woodrow Wilson, who was affronted by her "unladylike" tactics, including her protests outside the White House. She was a Quaker, suffragist, feminist and strategist for the 19th Amendment. She also authored the ERA in 1923.
Who is Alice Paul
Due to this act, many loopholes from the Sherman Antitrust Act were closed because it forbade interlocking directors and companies from holding stock in competing companies. However, labor unions and farm organizations were exempt from this act.
What is the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Case in which the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that the common-law doctrine of criminal conspiracy did not apply to labour unions. Therefore, labor unions organizations, strikes were legal as long as their methods were honorable and peaceful.
What is Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)
This bill was created to compensate veterans of WWII. It provided money that could be used toward buying a house, investing in business, or going to college to continue education.
What is the GI Bill of Rights (1944)
Black leader who started the Back to Africa movement. He urged black economic cooperation and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which operated a chain of grocery stores and other businesses. He was charged for mail fraud in the early 1920's and was deported to Jamaica.
Who is Marcus Garvey
Was a Massachusetts writer of children's literature who published her book in 1881, A Century of Dishonor, which told about the U.S. government's ruthlessness in dealing with the Native Americans.
He led the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to represent skilled labor and was composed of craft unions. The AFL learned from the Knights of Labor and the National Labor Union and avoided politics, rallies and protests on the streets that could turn violent. Their tactic was simple: use strikes to force concessions from business owners. The AFL sought tangible economic gains, such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
Who is Samuel Gompers
The Supreme Court ruled that a suspected criminal has the right to be read his/her rights. These rights included the right to remain silent (because anything said can be used against the individual), the right to an attorney and the right to one telephone call.
What is Miranda v. Arizona
This act created effective federal courts in a hierarchical order. There were city, county, and state courts, along with circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court was the highest court in the U.S. The act defined each court's jurisdiction and method of appeal.
What is the Judiciary Act (1789)