The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson
This presidential election, sometimes called the “Revolution of 1800,” resulted in a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans.
What is the Election of 1800?
This term was used to describe President James Monroe’s administration because of a sense of national unity after the War of 1812, even though deep sectional divisions soon resurfaced.
What is the “Era of Good Feelings”?
This 1807 act, passed under President Jefferson, prohibited American ships from sailing to foreign ports and devastated the U.S. economy.
What is the Embargo Act of 1807?
This 1793 invention by Eli Whitney made cotton production vastly more efficient and transformed the Southern economy.
What is the cotton gin?
This 19th-century transformation in technology, agriculture, and commerce ended self-sufficient households and linked Americans through interdependence and commerce.
What is the Market Revolution?
Jefferson’s purchase of this vast territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States and secured control of the Mississippi River.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
This 1816 measure placed protective tariffs on imports to shield new American industries from British competition and became the first of its kind in U.S. history.
What is the Tariff of 1816?
These aggressive young members of Congress from Kentucky, Tennessee, and South Carolina, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, pushed for war with Britain in 1812.
Who were the War Hawks?
Completed in 1825, this New York canal linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and fueled the nation’s first major transportation boom.
What is the Erie Canal?
During the Market Revolution, this group’s social roles shifted as more men worked away from home, leading to a new cultural expectation known as the “cult of domesticity.”
Who were women?
This 1803 Supreme Court case, decided by Chief Justice John Marshall, established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Henry Clay’s economic plan included protective tariffs, a national bank, and this third element designed to link regions through canals and roads.
What are internal improvements?
This treaty ended the War of 1812 but made no mention of impressment or neutral rights, resulting in a stalemate with no territorial changes.
What is the Treaty of Ghent (1814)?
In 1844, this American inventor revolutionized long-distance communication with the telegraph, transmitting messages using dots and dashes.
Who was Samuel F. B. Morse?
Between 1820 and 1860, nearly 4 million immigrants—mainly from Great Britain and Germany—arrived in America because of cheap transportation, European economic troubles, and new U.S. opportunities.
What caused the surge in immigration during the Market Revolution?
Commissioned by Jefferson, these two explorers led an expedition from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean, mapping the newly acquired western lands.
Who are Lewis and Clark?
This 1819-1821 debate arose when Missouri sought admission as a slave state, threatening to upset the balance of free and slave states in the Senate.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
Signed in 1819, this treaty between Spain and the United States transferred Florida to U.S. control and defined the boundary between Spanish and U.S. territory.
What is the Adams-Onís Treaty (or Florida Purchase Treaty)?
This system of interchangeable parts, pioneered by Eli Whitney, allowed identical components to be mass-produced and assembled, advancing industrial manufacturing.
What is the interchangeable parts system?
This 1842 Massachusetts Supreme Court case, Commonwealth v. Hunt, ruled that “peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers.
What is Commonwealth v. Hunt?
In this 1819 case, the Supreme Court ruled that a state could not tax the national bank, affirming federal supremacy over the states.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
As part of the Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay proposed admitting Missouri as a slave state, admitting Maine as a free state, and banning slavery north of which parallel?
What is latitude 36° 30′?
Declared in 1823, this U.S. policy warned European nations not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
These New England textile centers—such as Lowell, Massachusetts—employed young women in company dormitories and became the symbol of early American factory labor.
What are the Lowell mills (or the Lowell System)?
By 1860, this region led U.S. manufacturing with more than 69,000 establishments employing 900,000 workers and producing over $1.2 billion in goods.
What is the North Atlantic region?