Industrialization of America
what was this company that was created and funded by the federal government by the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864. The laws were passed as war measures to forge closer ties with California and Oregon, which otherwise took six months to reach.
Union Pacific RailRoad (UPRR)
what is this policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Laissez-faire
who was this man?: he was an American politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. In the years before his presidency, he served as a mayor and governor of New York state, winning fame as an anti-corruption crusader.
Grover Cleveland
______ flocked to California during the Gold Rush. Pioneers came to California by land and by sea from other parts of America and the world. The result was new wealth and a dramatically increased and diverse population. Small settlements grew into cities, business boomed, and California became a state in 1850.
Forty-Niners
In its simplest form, it is the theory that by increasing the wealth of the rich, they will spend more money, which would trickle down throughout society, leading to more wealth for all.
trickle-down economics
what was this Central Railroad that primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States
New York Central Railroad
What is this business arrangement in which a company controls different stages along the supply chain. Instead of relying on external suppliers, the company strives to bring processes in-house to have better control over the production process.
Vertical integration
______ was an American labor federation that was active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s. It operated in the United States as well in Canada, and had chapters also in Great Britain and Australia
Knights of Labor
_____ is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that the settlement and colonization of the rugged American frontier was decisive in forming the culture of American democracy and distinguishing it from European nations.
The Frontier Thesis, Turner's Thesis, or American frontierism
_____ was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, philosopher, and author. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States.
Laura Jane Addams
who is this?: nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping
Cornelius Vanderbilt
What is this business strategy in which one company grows its operations at the same level in an industry, helps companies grow in size and revenue, expand into new markets, diversify product offerings, and reduce competition.
Horizontal integration
______ was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1886 by an alliance of craft unions eager to provide mutual support and disappointed in the Knights of Labor.
American Federation of Labor
Enacted during the Civil War, provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. Claimants were required to live on and “improve” their plot by cultivating the land.(Be specific)
Homestead Act of 1862
the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
Social Darwinism
who is this?: American attorney, industrialist, philanthropist, and Republican Party politician from California. He served as the 8th Governor of California from 1862 to 1863 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 1885 until his death in 1893.
Leland Stanford
this refers to a type of business organization that became popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a legal arrangement in which a group of companies turns over their stock to a board of trustees, who then manage the companies as a single entity.
Trust
this was an industrial lockout and strike that began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle in which strikers defeated private security agents on July 6, 1892.
The Homestead strike, Homestead steel strike, Homestead massacre, or Battle of Homestead
this Party was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active from 1874 to 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections, in 1876, 1880 and 1884, before it faded away.
Greenback Party
_____ now known as the American Council on Addiction and Alcohol Problems, is an organization of the temperance movement in the United States.
The Anti-Saloon League
What is the term used frequently in the 19th century during America's Gilded Age to describe successful industrialists whose business practices were often considered ruthless or unethical.
Robber barons
this was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron.
Bessemer process
_____ was a manufacturer of railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States.
Pullman Palace Car Company
what were the names of these farmers who moved to the Great Plains in the late 1800s. They got their name from plowing and working on the hard ground of the plains in order to plant their crops. This act was put in place to settle the West and it worked.
Sodbusters
American author who wrote young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to middle-class security and comfort through good works.
Horatio Alger Jr.