All That Glitters Is Not Gold
This man's theories on biological evolution and natural selection were used by Herbert Spencer when he drew parallels between economic theories and scientific principles.
Spencer applied the idea of “survival of the fittest” to so-called laissez faire or unrestrained capitalism during the Industrial Revolution, in which businesses are allowed to operate with little regulation from the government.
What is Charles Darwin?
On the Origin of Species (1859)
"survival of the fittest"
This political party that was established prior to the Civil War (1855), had a great influence on the nativist movement following the second wave of immigration, bringing people from these two parts of Europe.
What is the Know-Nothing Party?
What is Southern and Eastern Europe?
First Wave- Ireland and Germany
Many historians believe Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis on the closing of the west, racial theories like "The White Man's Burden, and economic motives led to the US openly engaging in this war over Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
What is the Spanish American War?
Anti-Imperialist League- Mark Twain
This African American campaign throughout World War Two promoted victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home.
The Double V Campaign?
This United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. Building on the earlier Page Act of 1875 which banned Chinese women from immigrating to the United States, this act was the first, and remains the only law to have been implemented, to prevent all members of a specific ethnic or national group from immigrating to the United States.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)?
Nativism
The Knights of Labor and AFL were two types of these organizations, started during the industrial age in response to poor working conditions and pay.
What is a union?
AFL-skilled
Knights- unskilled and skilled
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Ida B. Wells looked to improve the lives of women near the turn of the century (18th->19th) with voting rights and anti-lynching legislation. This man focused on economic opportunities for African Americans with vocational jobs over a college education.
What is Booker T. Washington?
Washington vs. WEB DuBois
The League of Nations was established at the end of World War I as an international peacekeeping organization. Although US President Woodrow Wilson was an enthusiastic proponent of the League, the United States did not officially join the League of Nations due to opposition from isolationists in Congress. Many early 20th century isolationists quoted this man's farewell address.
What is George Washington?
Warns of entangling alliances and political parties.
While the nation banded together over the war effort, issues continued between authority and minority groups. These riots took place between July 3-8, 1943 in Los Angeles, California over the amount of cloth used to make a piece of clothing as the nation was in rationing mode.
What is the Zoot Suit Riots?
The relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from about 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many Black Americans headed north, where they took advantage of the need for industrial workers that arose during the First World War
What is the Great Migration?
Mainly Chicago, NY, St. Louis-> race riots
Term used to describe the tumultuous years between the Civil War and the turn of the twentieth century. During this era, America became more prosperous and saw unprecedented growth in industry and technology. But there was a more sinister side: It was a period where greedy, corrupt industrialists, bankers and politicians enjoyed extraordinary wealth and luxury at the expense of the working class. In fact, it was wealthy tycoons, not politicians, who inconspicuously held the most political power during this period.
What is the Gilded Age?
Some highlights of the Progressive Era were that middle class women from urban areas pushed to reform society and politics on the LOCAL, state, and federal levels. Wisconsin Governor and Senator Robert La Follette helped push through initiative, referendum and, recall on the STATE level. On the FEDERAL level, Progressives drew up this extension of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
What is the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914?
Federal Reserve- Wilson (to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system)
Conservationism- Roosevelt and John Muir
17th amendment- direct election of senators
19th- suffrage women
*democratic ideas expanded*
The 1920's red scare was caused by increased immigration, labor unrest, a rise in socialism, and this first successful Marxist revolution in 1917.
What is the Russian Revolution?
Historians and economists still debate the overall success of the New Deal. Most would agree that while the New Deal helped the overall psyche of the nation, this ended the Great Depression.
What is the mass mobilization or domestic mobilization during World War Two?
Increased opportunities for African Americans and women.
This 1896 landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". The decision legitimated the many state laws re-establishing racial segregation that had been passed in the American South after the end of the Reconstruction Era (1865–1877).
What is Plessy vs. Ferguson?
Dred Scott (1857)-> Plessy vs. Ferguson (1897)-> Brown vs. Board (1954)-> Civil Rights Act (1964).
Racism
Some major conflicts of the period between 1865-1899 were between capitalists and conservationists, which led to the Sierra Club. The Grange Movement, which was organized by farmers to regulate crop and tool prices, and this political party built on government control of RR's, the Omaha Platform to combat political corruption (direct election of senators and income tax), and the addition of silver to the gold standard.
What is the Populist Party?
Led by William Jennings Bryan
Influenced Progressives (amendments, secret ballots, initiative, referendum, and recall)
During and after the Civil War, the US government played an active role in helping people settle out west through subsidies and this act. As a result, many treaties were broken between Americans and Natives.
What is the Homestead Act?
*no mention of Native Americans in Constitution or how to deal with land disputes*
While the 1910's ended on a high note internationally for the US with its victory in World War One, domestic conflict was on the rise. Quota Acts pit nativists versus immigrants, the summer of 1919 saw race riots across norther cities due to the Great Migration, and this educational debate over evolution.
What is the Scopes Trial?
One more...1920 census shows urban population greater than rural (1st time US history)
Positive note: Harlem Renaissance- celebration of African American art, literature, poetry, and music. Langston Hughes (Central High School, Cleveland)
DAILY DOUBLE
*YOU CAN WAGER UP TO YOUR POINT TOTAL*
**IF POINT TOTAL DOES NOT EXCEED $1000, YOU MAY WAGER $1000**
These two men presided over the nation throughout World War Two.
This was a social movement within Protestantism that applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, lack of unionization, poor schools, and the dangers of war.
What is the Social Gospel?
Proponents of this term envisioned a post-Reconstruction southern economy modeled on the North’s embrace of the Industrial Revolution. Henry W. Grady, a newspaper editor in Atlanta, Georgia, coined the phrase in 1874. He urged the South to abandon its longstanding agrarian economy for a modern economy grounded in factories, mines, and mills. Although textile mills and tobacco factories were created during this time, the plan largely failed. By 1900, per-capita income in the South was forty percent less than the national average, and rural poverty persisted across much of the South well into the twentieth century.
What is the New South?
This 1887 federal law was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.
With the passage of this act, the railroad industry became the first industry subject to federal regulation by a regulatory body. It was later amended to regulate other modes of transportation and commerce.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887?
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)- monitored railroads
FDR's New Deal borrowed heavily from the Progressive Era (continuity) before him. This relief program had three distinct phases. The first R was short term and finding jobs. The second R symbolizes fixing the economy, and the final R's goal was to make necessary changes so that economic hardship would never hit again. What do the 3 R's stand for?
What is relief, recovery, and reform?
*****African Americans and unions start voting Democrat*****
Opponents:
Too far (conservative)- Supreme Court ruled many programs "unconstitutional"-> court packing
Not far enough (liberal)- radicals, Huey Long
Over one hundred thousand Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps after World War Two. Two out of three were actually born in the Unite States. This landmark supreme court case upheld the legality of this decision by the US government.
What is Korematsu vs. US (1944)?
Along with Custer's Last Stand and Chief Joseph's retirement, this last major battle between the US military and Native Americans capped off a tumultuous period of American expansion out west. Followed by relocation to reservations and assimilation with the Dawes Act.
What is Wounded Knee?