people
A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
William Penn
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
Oliver Cromwell
Also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. Blue laws were passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania.
Blue Laws
The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation.
antinomianism
Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king
English Civil War
Wampanoag chief who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676. Though he himself was eventually captured and killed, his wife and son sold into slavery, his assault halted New England's westward expansion for several decades.
Metacom (King Philip)
Founder of the Georgia Colony. Georgia served as a buffer from Spanish Florida at the time.
James Oglethorpe
An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
Salutary neglect
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Puritans
Began with an Indian attack on New Bern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.
Tuscarora War
Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who helped the Pilgrims survive. They had peace for 40 years until his death.
Massasoit
Governor of Plymouth Colony that helped the colonists survive drought, crop failures, and native attacks.
William Bradford
Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England.
Navigation Laws
Slaves were converted into Christians
conversion
1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.
Pequot War
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
Roger Williams
Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill" John Winthrop
John Winthrop
a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians
Act of Toleration
Calvinist belief that God predetermined who would/will gain salvation
Predestination
1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.
King Philip's War
A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. She believed that God spoke directly to a person, not through preaching. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.
Anne Hutchinson
Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.
Lord Baltimore
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Mayflower Compact
Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.
Calvinism
Metacom's War
1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.