incidents
What was the importance of the Sinking of the USS Maine?
Killed 260 Americans, was supposed to bring safey. ”remember the main, to hell with Spain“ causes McKinley to go to war
Who was Herbert Hoover?
What was the Open Door policy?
Countries were setting up spheres of influence, which could block the US from trading w/ China. Hay sent out Open Door letters to all the Nations saying: Let china open to all nations + all nations have equal trading privileges in China.
no response, so everyone must be in agreement.
Article X of the League Covenants
Collective security provision.
What was the Teller Amendment?
The US going to go to war against Spain, BUT have no interest in annexing Cuba.
What was the Tampico Incident?
Wilson ordered a weapons embargo against the Dictatorship of Huerta, sent part of the US navy to block the Mexican port of Veracruz. Commander of one of their ships told the sailors to dock.
Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?
He was the leading critic of the LON/Treaty (focusing on Article X)
didnt want to violate the constitution OR principals set up in the Monroe doctrine
What was the Venezuela Crisis?
1895, VS GB
Boarder dispute between Venezuela and the GB Giana, Britain threatened to send troops=interference in WH aka Monroe Doctorine
What was the Platt Amendment?
1. Cuba could never sign a treaty w/ a foreign power impairing its independence
2. Cuba can’t build up excessive foreign debt
3. Cuba had to permit the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime the United States saw fit
4. Cubans had to allow the United States to keep Naval bases in Cuba
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
Amendment to the Monroe Doctrine.
America would intervene instead to insure stability in the payment of debts, not Europe.
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
Germany offered Mexico a chance to regain the land that it had lost in the Mexican Cession if Mexico attacked the United States and helped prevent the United States From assisting the Allies
Who was Josiah Strong?
Wrote Our Country (1885)=manifesto explaining the United States’ special God-given mission to spread its ideals elsewhere. EXCEPTIONALISM
What did Willian Howard Taft believe in regard to diplomacy.
He believed in Dollar Diplomacy.
Believed that Private US investment in China would lead to greater stability + would help US businesses.
EX: RR building in China
What was the Espionage Act of 1917?
Forbid false statements designed to impede the draft or promote military insubordination
Banned anything considered treasonist from the mail.
Issue: infringes on 1st amendment
What did Schenck v. US (1919) say?
Upholds the Espionage Act
Violating free speech is only OK in WAR time
Clear and Present danger doctrine: Free speech can be limited if the speech in question creates a clear and present danger to the country
These were caused by the Great Migration. Whites rioted against blacks, calling it a “black invasion” of the North
East St. Louis Illinois (1917)
Chicago (July 1919)
Who was A Mitchell Palmer?
Attorney General under Wilson, wants to stamp out radicalism, creates the FBI
Palmer Raids violated civil liberties
What did the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty do?
Panama agreed to allow the US to construct the Panama Canal.
1904-1914, Panama Canal was dug
What was the Gore-McLemore Resolutions (1916)?
Ban on Americans traveling on belligerent ships, Wilson rejects.
What did the Supreme Court rule in the Insular Cases?
The constitution doesn’t follow the flag
What was the Sussex Pledge?
Germany agreed to not sink merchant vessels without warning
Who is W.E.B Dubois?
He urged African Americans to fight for liberty, hoping that it would blur color lines back at home during WW1.
What kind of diplomacy did Wilson engage in?
Moral Diplomacy. Wilson was an Idealist.
applying “High Moral standards to the conduct of foreign policy, US would respect other people’s rights, and support the spread of democracy.
Why did Congress NOT ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
What was the War Industries Board?
It was a clearing house to coordinate the national economy. It allocated supplies/resources, standardized goods, settled disputes, and fixed/set price floors.