Period 2 (1607–1754)
What cash crop saved Jamestown and led to the expansion of labor systems like indentured servitude?
Tobacco.
What 1763 agreement ended the French and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris (1763).
What 1803 land purchase doubled the size of the U.S.?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What belief held that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast?
Manifest Destiny.
What early colonial conflict between Puritans and Native Americans (1675–76) devastated New England?
King Philip’s War.
What 1620 agreement created a self-governing political structure for the Plymouth settlers?
The Mayflower Compact
What colonial slogan protested taxation policies after the Stamp Act?
“No taxation without representation.”
What transportation innovation of the early 1800s vastly increased trade between western farms and eastern cities?
The Erie Canal.
What 1852 novel increased Northern opposition to slavery?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
What 1790s political party led by Alexander Hamilton supported a strong central government and industry?
The Federalists.
What conflict in 1676 revealed tensions between backcountry settlers and wealthy Virginia elites?
Bacon’s Rebellion.
What 1787 rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Shays’ Rebellion.
What early 19th-century movement emphasized emotional religious revivals and individual salvation?
The Second Great Awakening.
What 1854 law used popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery and led to “Bleeding Kansas”?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
What reform movement sought to ban alcohol in the early 19th century?
The Temperance Movement.
What system gave land to wealthy colonists who paid for others’ passage to the New World?
The Headright System.
Supreme Court Case: What 1803 decision established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison.
Supreme Court Case: What 1819 case upheld federal power over the states and affirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the U.S.?
McCulloch v. Maryland.
What 1863 presidential order freed slaves in Confederate territory?
The Emancipation Proclamation.
What term describes white Southerners who supported Reconstruction and Republican policies?
Scalawags.
What economic theory argued that colonies existed to benefit the mother country through controlled trade?
Mercantilism.
What compromise settled disputes over representation by combining the Virginia and New Jersey Plans?
The Great Compromise.
What political doctrine stated that states could reject federal laws they viewed as unconstitutional, highlighted during the 1832 crisis?
Nullification.
What 1877 political compromise ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South?
The Compromise of 1877.
What system emerged after the Civil War where freedmen rented land and paid a portion of their crop to landowners, keeping many in debt?
Sharecropping.