Vocab
the cotton-growing region that was developed in the early 1800s, stretching from Georgia through Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, named for its rich black soil
Black Belt
the political party that began to take shape in support of the Adams-Clay American and was first known as the National Republicans, but became the ________ in the 1830s in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats
Whig Party
Cotton transformed the nation's __________, __________, and _______________________
physical, commercial, and political landscape
The invention of the ___________ revolutioned water transportation
steamboat
A land rush that began in 1816 just as the War of 1812 ended
Alabama Fever
completed in 1825, the canal linked the Hudson River with the Great Lakes and gave farmers all along its route new ways to be part of a global economic system of trade
Erie Canal
the political party that before the Civil War followed the ideas of Jefferson and Jackson and favored states' rights and a limited role for the federal government, especially in economic affairs
Democratic Party
What effect did the new cotton-based economy have on slaves and slave owners?
the new cotton-based economy made slaves much more valuable and slave owners more anxious to defend slavery
What city became the center of the shipment of cotton across the Atlantic and, in the process, became the nation's largest city and commercial center, a position it has retained ever since
New York City
After the explosion of cotton production what held more value in white settlers' minds, their land, or the slave they owned?
the African slaves they owned
the period from 1817 to 1823 in which the decline of the Federalists enabled the Democratic-Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony
Era of good feelings
What was the most important implication of the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland
The states cannot interfere with the workings of the federal government
What are some of the machine invented that helped increase the production of cotton
flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, and cotton gin
To be able to become more connected with others what places was better to live near
near land or water routes for transport
Whose slaves did Jeff Randolph refuse to sell to a buyer in Georgia, but instead sold them for less profit to other Virginians?
Thomas Jefferson's
a compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state as well as prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory above 36º30' north latitude
Missouri Compromise
Where did slavery grow the fastest in the nineteenth century
the interior regions of the Deep South
Why did Europeans start to prefer cotton clothing rather than their normal wool or linen clothing?
Cotton was cooler and more comfortable than wool and it was getting cheaper
____________ sprang up across the country, and the federal government developed an extensive post office system that helped American connect for personal and business matters
Newspapers
What slave owners wanted women and which ones wanted men?
planters wanted men and slave owners in older regions wanted women
the program of government subsidies to improve roads and canals and to foster economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competitions
American System
The “Era of Good Feelings” refers to the presidency of __________.
James Monroe
What are some reasons why the U.S had a sudden dominance in worldwide cotton production after 1800?
the invention of the cotton gin made cotton easy and cheap to produce, cotton planters in the U.S had access to more and more land in the growing nation, an economic system that supported them, and most importantly a virtually unlimited pool of very cheap labor because of American slavery
Who invented the cotton gin in the 1790s
Eli Whitney
The goal of Henry Clay’s American System was to __________.
link all Americans in a prosperous commercial community