Native America
Which crop became a staple of many early American farming communities?
Corn
Who reached the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia?
Christopher Columbus
Who led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés
What name is given to the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe?
The Columbian Exchange
Which crop sharply increased the demand for enslaved African labor?
Sugarcane
What land bridge once connected Siberia and Alaska?
The Bering land bridge
Which kingdom financed Columbus’s 1492 voyage?
Spain
Who conquered the Inca Empire in Peru?
Francisco Pizarro
Which European disease killed millions of Native Americans after contact?
Smallpox
What west African region was the origin of many Africans forced to the Americas?
Guinea
Which Mesoamerican civilization developed a written language and accurate calendar?
The Maya
Which Portuguese prince encouraged exploration of Africa’s west coast?
Prince Henry the Navigator
What Spanish settlement founded in 1565 became the first permanent European settlement in today’s United States?
St. Augustine, Florida
Which animal introduced by Europeans transformed life for many Native American groups?
The horse
What does matrilineal mean?
Tracing family descent through mothers
What was the Mexica capital built on an island in a lake?
Tenochtitlán
Whose expedition completed the first known voyage around the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition
What system let Spanish settlers demand labor and tribute from Native Americans?
The encomienda system
Which American tuber spread to Europe and changed European diets?
The potato
Which city in Mali was famous for trade and learning?
Timbuktu
Which Inca leader expanded his empire through alliances and a road network?
Pachacuti
What two changes helped European rulers support overseas exploration?
Growing commerce and stronger monarchies
What 1680 uprising temporarily drove the Spanish out of New Mexico?
The Pueblo Revolt
Why did European diseases cause such severe Native American population losses?
Native Americans had little immunity to those diseases
How did rising demand for sugar affect the Atlantic slave trade?
It increased the demand for enslaved African labor