Men&Women at work
Skilled workers of each craft formed societies for mutual aid called _____________
National Trade Unions
According to scholarly estimates, 5 % of the population possessed more than _______ % of the wealth (50 66,75)
50
The heart of the family transformation was the movement from farms to ____________
urban areas
Though many farmers left for the new and richer soil of the Northwest, some stayed in New England and were able to produce _________ (apples, pairs) in New York. Fruit trucks became very popular
apples
Elaborate rooms with lush dark colors and heavy furniture and drapes were characteristic of the ________ era
Victorian
The ______ system enlisted young unmarried women mostly farmer's daughters in the late teens/early twenties to come work in the mill.
Lowell or Waltham System
The fastest-growing group in America was the __________ class. Some were able to hire servants, others were able to rent out portions of their home to upcoming members.
middle
Most income earners in urban areas ________________ (left home for work, had small businesses operating out of their home)
left home for work
The average size of the western farms was __________ acres, the majority of them owned by the people who worked them (20, 200)
200
The need to supply the United States military helped spur new innovations in machine tools and industry (T/F)
True
____________ created the Female Labor Reform Association and began making demands for better work days. (Sarah Bagley, Joan Satter)
Sarah Bagley
The major urban areas had many poor, but the __________ was the group considered worse off in the urban poor
African American
The ability to hire _____________ for more labor-intensive tasks resulted in women doing more domestic work inside. This forced women to be more centered on the family
male workers
________ established a factory in Moline, Illinois to make steel plows
John Deere
Elias Howe's invention of the _______ was used to manufacture ready-to-wear clothing
sewing machine
The arrival of ________ in the work forceled to a deterioration of working conditions and employers began paying piece rates rather than a daily wage.
immigrants
The construction of ________ in New York City was a result of pressure from members of high society
Central Park (they wanted an elegant setting for their daily carriage rides)
Urban areas offered cultural events, with something attracting audiences that crossed class lines - like Shakespear or a story based on a popular book. ________ in which white actors mimicked African-American culture became very popular
Minstrel shows
The relationship between the Northwest - selling its products to the residents of the North and the North buying those products, increasingly isolated the _______
South
By 1860, the number of American inventions to receive patents reached nearly 2,000 (T/F)
False. It stood at 4778
The states ____________ passed laws limiting workday (to ten hours) and regulating child labor. However, the results were minimal and had easy work arounds for managment
Pennsylvania & New Hampshire
social mobility, geographic mobility
________ in Ohio became the first college in America to accept female students. Most women were strongly discouraged or barred from pursuing higher education
Oberlin
Although the extent of social interaction differed from one area to another in rural life, _________ drew farm communities together as popular meeting places and social functions
religion
Corporate development was aided by laws permitting a system of _______ for individual stockholders
limited liability
The Supreme Court, in Commonwealth vs Hunt declared that _______ were lawful.
Unions (and strikes)
The most important invention for the middle-class house was the ______________. It was seen as a great luxury and allowed them to do several things at once.
cast-iron stove
_____________ opened the American Museum in New York in 1842. His show was a 'freak show' that had famous performers like Siamese twins or a midget named Tom Thumb
P.T. Barnum
Cyrus H. McCormick invented the _________, it was the most important machine for grain production
automatic reaper
By the mid-nineteenth century, the rail center of the West was ___________ (city)
Chicago