Native Americans
What battle in 1876 was a conflict between the Sioux Indians and American gold-seekers?
The Battle of Little Bighorn
What was the homestead act of 1862 and what did it entail?
Law allowed settlers to get 160 acres if they: lived on for 5 years, improved it, and paid a nominal fee of $30
What were the effects of agricultural mechanization?
It drove many farmers off of the land, farms became factories, one-crop economies, deflation
What was the Populist Party?
Founded in 1892 by the American Farmer Alliance. They believed in a larger role in the government, more progressive income taxes, and more direct methods of democracy.
Marched on Washington, with the intent of persuading the government to allocate funds for unemployment / AKA “Petition in Boots?"
Jacob S. Coxey
What federal legislation separated Indian tribal lands and took their land ownership away?
The Dawes Act of 1887
What were the Granger Laws?
In the late 1800’s, an organization of farmers called the Grange, striving to regulate railway rates, storage fees charged by railroads, warehouses, and grain elevators through state legislation. This became known as the Granger Laws.
What were some of the new inventions and technologies during the 1800s?
The telegraph, telephone, steam engine, the light bulb, twine binder, combine.
What was the McKinley Tariff?
In 1890, a tariff raised all protective tariff levels by 50%, making it the highest tariffs on imports in US history.
Who wrote the “Frontier Thesis,” where they theorized the American Spirit lies in westward expansion?
Jackson Turner
This system marked boundary lines for Native American territories:
Reservation System
How did farmers’ situations change during the time of industrialization?
Farmers started growing single “cash crops,” became producers and consumers, and were also considered businesspeople.
Which process, developed by Henry Bessemer, revolutionized steel production?
The Bessemer Process. It allowed for steel to be produced at a lower cost and in large quantities.
What was the mining industry?
In Nevada, Colorado, and other Western territories, many fortune seekers rushed to the West to dig. This allowed the economic industrial growth of America, and allowed many to buy machines to advance the industry.
U.S. President who supported big business and imposed protective tariffs:
William McKinley
What animal, hunted largely by Native Americans in early North America, was in danger of extinction by 1805?
The Buffalo
What happened to the farmlands? How did it affect farmers?
The cottonboll weevils damaged all of the crops and floods had eroded the land. These conditions ruined the soil and made farming very difficult. Farmers were impoverished and tired of the poor conditions
What was the Pullman Strike?
An important labor strike that took place in 1894 which was first brought on by the American Railway Union.
Which political reform aimed to reduce the influence of big businesses on politics?
The Progressive Movement
Senator from Ohio, who had a grip on Republican presidential candidates, and politics via his connections and wealth.
Marcus Alonzo Hanna
In 1890, approximately 200 Native American men, women, and children died as a result of:
The Battle of Wounded Knee
The Populist Party advocated for the “free coinage of silver” to address the economic issues that farmers faced. What was the goal of this policy?
The goal was to increase money supply which would increase crop prices. Increased crop prices would ease the debt that the farmers have.
What mechanical device allowed farmers to efficiently harvest grain faster and who invented it?
The mechanical reaper, invented by Cyrus McCormick improved the harvesting of grain.
What was the act passed in 1882 that restricted immigration from China?
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Who was the 24th president that led the country during the Panic of 1893?
Grover Cleveland