Groups of People
Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England
What are Separatists?
Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty to those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of catholic migrants throughout the colonial period
What is the Act of Toleration?
Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some damned. Though their fate was irreversible, Calvinists, particularly those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact members of the "elect"
What is predestination?
Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English Settlers in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades
What is King Philip's War?
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership
What are Puritans?
First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters
What is the Barbados Slave Code of 1661?
Soldier-statesman and leading founder of Georgia. A champion of prison reform, h established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. During the War of Jenkins's Ear, he successfully led his colonists in battle, repelling a Spanish attack on British territory
Who is James Oglethorpe?
German friar who touched off the protestant Reformation when he nailed a list of grievances against the Catholic Church to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517
Who is Martin Luther?
Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies
What is the Pequot War?
Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many of North Carolina's settlers were these people who contributed to the colony's reputation as being more independent-minded and "democratic" then its neighbors
What are squatters?
Also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality
What are Blue Laws?
Erudite leader of the separatist Pilgrims who left England for Holland and eventually sailed on the Mayflower to establish he first English colony in Massachusetts
Who is William Bradford?
Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect", or the "visible saints." Calvinists who experienced this were then expected to lead sanctified lives to demonstrate their salvation
What is conversion?
Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William II and Mary, daughter of James II
What is the Glorious Revolution?
Defeated by the south Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716. Their defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies
Who are the Yamasee Indians?
Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England
What are the Navigation Laws?
Wampanoag chieftain who signed a peace treaty with Plymouth Bay settlers in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving
Who is Massasoit?
Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin
What is Calvinism?
Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the they were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its 6th nation
What is the Tuscarora War?
Religious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the 17th and 18th centuries
What are Quakers?
Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing a democratically controlled government
What are the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
Wampanoag chief wo led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676; he was eventually captured and killed and his wife and son sold into slavery which halted England's westward expansion for several decades
Who is Metacom?
Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics; unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave vast tracts of land to Catholic relatives, a policy that soon created tensions between the seaboard Catholic establishment and backcountry Protestant planters
Who is Lord Baltimore?
Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I
What is the English Civil War?