Religion
Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of BLANK BLANK. BLANK believed in predestination—that only “the elect” were destined for salvation
What is Calvanism?
Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period.
What is the Act of Toleration?
Began with an Indian attack on New Bern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.
What is the Tuscarora War?
Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many of North Carolina’s early settlers were BLANK, who contributed to the colony’s reputation as being more independent-minded and egalitarian than its neighbors.
Who are squatters?
Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
Religious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Who are the Quakers?
Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. In British North America, Georgia was established as a BLANK colony between British and Spanish territory.
What is a buffer?
Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies.
What is the House of Burgesses?
Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics; unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies and gave vast tracts of land to Catholic relatives, a policy that soon created tensions between the seaboard Catholic establishment and backcountry Protestant planters
Who is Lord Baltimore?
Calvanist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned. Though their fate was irriversable, Calvanists, particularly those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact members of the “elect.”
What is predestination?
Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England.
What are the Navigation Laws?
Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.
What is King Philip’s War?
Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies.
What is the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Soldier-statesman and leading founder of Georgia. A champion of prison reform, he established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. During the War of Jenkins' Ear, he successfully led his colonists in battle, repelling a Spanish attack on British territory.
Who is James Oglethorpe?
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only “visible saints” should be admitted to church membership.
Who are Puritans?
Also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. BLANK were passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania.
What are Blue Laws?
Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies.
What is the Pequot War?
Weak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for the purpose of defense and organization; an early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War.
What is the New England Confederation?
German friar who touched off the Protestant Reformation when he nailed a list of grievances against the Catholic Church to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther?
Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English Separatists made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts, in 1620.
Who are Separatists?
Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River valley, this document was the first “modern constitution” establishing a democratically controlled government. Key features of the document were borrowed for Connecticut’s colonial charter and, later, its state constitution.
What are the Fundamental Orders?
Defeated by the South Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies.
Who are the Yamasee Indians?
Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey. Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, who curbed popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent, and strictly enforced Navigation Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control.
What is the Dominion of New England?
Wampanoag chieftain who signed a peace treaty with Plymouth Bay settlers in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving.
Who is Massasoit?