New Politics
In the election of 1824, which political faction did both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson represent?
The Democratic-Republican Party
What was the enemy party to the Democrats?
The Whigs
Who was the leading voice of transcendentalism, rooted in the religious soil of New England?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
How did America's urban populations of the nineteenth century rise so exponentially, despite high death rates?
Huge influx of foreign migrants
What informal network assisted fugitive slaves in escaping to free states, providing shelter and support?
The Underground Railroad
What was the term that Andrew Jackson’s supporters applied to John Quincy Adams’ 1824 election which had occurred through the manipulations of Henry Clay in the U.S. House of Representatives?
"Corrupt Bargain"
How did Andrew Jackson portray himself during his presidency? (What did he represent?)
“The President is the direct representative of the American people.”
How did the transcendentalist message reach a broad audience in the 19th century, especially through Emerson's efforts?
Through writings and lectures
What religious institution did Irish immigrants dominate during their massive presence in the Northeast?
The Catholic Church
In Congress, the House of Representatives used what to prohibit discussions and debates of the anti-slavery petitions?
“gag rule”
In the early 1800s, what term describes the extension of voting rights to all adult males, regardless of property ownership or income?
Universal Manhood Suffrage
What major political transformation occurred with Andrew Jackson's election to the presidency in 1828?
The birth of the Democratic Party
Seeking inspiration, early transcendentalists turned to what cultural movement from Europe to shape their intellectual pursuits?
Romanticism
In the 1840s, what popular theatrical entertainment in urban areas often combined racist caricatures and social criticism?
Minstrelsy
How did southern states respond to Nat Turner's Revolt?
They toughened slave codes, limited black movement, and prohibited anyone from teaching slaves to read.
What piece of legislation in 1828 intensified southern dissatisfaction, specifically due to perceived favoritism towards northeastern manufacturers by the federal government?
The Tariff of Abominations
In the late 1830s, many Americans blamed the Democrats for the severe economic depression known as what?
The Panic of 1837
According to Emerson, how did individuals need to rediscover their true selves and liberate from inherited customs and institutions?
union with nature
What movement emerged in the mid-1830s in response to the changing cultural landscape due to immigration?
The Nativist Movement
In response to racial violence, what pamphlet did David Walker publish in 1829, warning of a slave revolt if justice were delayed?
"An Appeal... to the Colored Citizens of the World"
What broader sentiment in the South was intensified by the Tariff of 1828, beyond economic concerns?
Fear of federal interference in slavery
What executive order did Jackson issue that required the Treasury Department to accept only hard money for national lands?
The Specie Circular
In 1832, Emerson took a more radical step by resigning his Boston pulpit and rejecting all organized religion. What did Unitarians, unlike most Christians, believe about God?
God is a single being, not a trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
What cultural and political issue(s) did nativists focus on in the mid-1800s?
Temperance, Anti-Catholicism, and/or Nativism
Rejecting violence, which abolitionist launched a moral crusade to abolish the slave regime, accusing the American Colonization Society and the U.S. Constitution? (AKA "the most determined abolitionist")
William Lloyd Garrison