Unit 1
The Columbian Exchange and the continents involved _______
The exchange of goods, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and Europe
Which nation established modern-day New Amsterdam and what was it used as?
The Netherlands, used as a trade post
What were the failures of the Articles of Confederation?
They gave the states too much freedom and left the federal government weak and without direction
What was Thomas Jefferson's vision for the United States?
A nation of Yeoman Farmers
What was the first state to secede from the Union to form the Confederacy?
South Carolina
What are the three G’s of explorers?
God, Glory, Gold
Define Salutary Neglect
A system/policy that came as a result of internal conflict in England where the colonists gained authority and power.
How did the Patriots win the revolutionary war?
After the Patriots' victory at the battle of Saratoga, the French were prompted to ally with the patriots and provide them with a strong navy, ultimately turning the tide of the war.
Describe a cause of the War of 1812
Impressment, US trying to stay neutral in Napoleonic Wars, Conflict with British-allied Native tribes
What was Lincoln’s original intent for the Civil War?
To maintain the Union
Name 2 key factors of the French Colonies
-Primarily male settlers who were not looking to stay for long
-Relied on fishing and fur trade
-Trade with natives leads to alliances and the most equitable relationship between natives and Europeans
What marked the end of indentured servitude?
Bacon's Rebellion
What was the significance of Pontiac’s War and what proclamation resulted from it?
Royal Proclamation of 1763, drew a boundary line in the Appalachian mountains and forbidding colonists from settling the lands west of the line which intern led to resentment from the colonists on British law.
What was the Missouri Compromise and what did it put into effect?
Maine enters as a free state, Missouri enters as a slave state in order to maintain balance in the Senate. (36 30 line is established, above free, below slave)
Briefly describe the role of Texas in causing the Mexican American War
TX, initially belongs to Mexico, American immigrants are allowed in as buffer from Comanche. 1829: Mexico requires conversion to catholicism and abolishes slavery. 1830: Mexico bans American immigration into TX. Polk/Tyler want to annex Texas into US so Polk sends troops and Zachary Taylor to Rio Grande. --> WAR
List the Caste System (bottom to top)
Enslaved People (from Africa and Caribbean) ->Native American Indians -> Mestizos (Born of Spanish and Native American Parents) -> Creoles (born in New Spain of Spanish Parents) -> Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain)
Define triangular trade and give 1 example of an import and export for each "point" of the triangle. include where they came from/ where they were going
Definition: System of trade that exchanged exports from three different markets
Europe - Received sugar, cotton, tobacco from America–Sent textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa
Africa: Sent slaves to the Americas, received textiles, rum, from Europe
Americas: Received slaves from Africa, sent sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe
Describe the XYZ affair and its significance.
Americans were sent to negotiate a treaty with France, three French diplomats, nicknamed “X”, “Y”, and “Z”, proceeded to ask for bribes to start negotiations. The story eventually made its way to the American public, inciting Americans to push Adams for armed conflict with the French.
Document written by the US attempting to establish a sphere of influence over the Western Hemisphere
The Monroe Doctrine
What is Horizontal and Vertical Integration? Name two people who practiced these methods.
Vertical integration: owning every step in the production process (Carnegie Steel)
Horizontal integration: essentially a monopoly, eliminating the competition in a specific industry by buying up every company and owning the whole market (Rockefeller Standard Oil)
Put these events in chronological order: The Treaty of Tordesillas, Hernán Cortés Overthrowing the Aztecs in Mexico, Establishment of Jamestown (Arrival of English), Francisco Pizarro Overthrowing the Inca, Series of Plagues Decimate Indigenous Populations (Smallpox, Typhus, Measles)
1525-1618: Series of Plagues Decimate Indigenous Populations (Smallpox, Typhus, Measles)
1494: The Treaty of Tordesillas is Signed (West Split Between Portugal and Spain)
1519: Hernán Cortés Overthrew the Aztecs in Mexico
1532: Francisco Pizarro Overthrows the Inca
1607: Establishment of Jamestown (Arrival of English)
What are three unique traits of the Mid-Atlantic region?
Export and trade economy, good coastal harbors, diverse, relatively democratic and religiously tolerant, Quakers and abolitionists in PA, fur trade
What were the four Intolerable Acts?
The four acts were the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act.
Name the two parties that made up the Second Party System, and identify a key difference between the two parties
Democrats and Whigs:
Democrats supported agriculture and slavery, and favored limited government involvement; Whigs promoted industry and the American System and favored larger government involvement
What happened in Chicago in 1893?
World's Columbian Exposition