Colonization & Settlement
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World Western and the Old World
The Columbian Exchange
Consequences of this 1754 war led to increased oversight and taxes on the American colonies by the British
The French & Indian War
This president used his executive power to purchase land from France, despite it going against his personal political philosophy
The idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America
Manifest Destiny
This project allowed for the easy transport of people and products to new markets, creating a national economy
Transcontinental Railroad
This group interacted with the Native Americans by forming trade relations and intermarrying
The French
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 arguing for independence rather than reconciliation
"Common Sense"
Often seen as America's Second War of Independence, this war exposed growing tensions between America and Native Americans during periods of expansion
War of 1812
This 1840s conflict led to the acquisition of western land, leading to new questions about slavery's expansion
Mexican-American War
This policy subdivided reservations into individual plots of land, demonstrating the federal government's control over Native American reservations through attempts to assimilate
Dawes Act
Refers to a Protestant religious revival that swept through the British colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
The First Great Awakening
Document that outlines the colonists' grievances with the British, proclaiming their separation from the empire in 1776
The Declaration of Independence
The Seneca Falls Convention (1848) marked the beginning of this women's movement
Women's Suffrage
This compromise aimed to maintain a balance between slave and free states
Missouri Compromise
Andrew Carnegie coined this term to argue that the growth of corporations and individual wealth was beneficial for society as a whole
"Gospel of Wealth"
Armed rebellion in Virginia colony (1677) that exposed the weaknesses of the indentured servant system and led to a shift towards slave labor
Bacon's Rebellion
The first Constitution of the United States that established a weak central government and gave most of the power to the states
This state's attempt to nullify a federal tariff exposed the growing tensions between states rights and federal power
South Carolina
Constitutional amendment that expanded citizenship rights to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” overturning the Dred Scott decision a decade earlier
Fourteenth Amendment
Political party in the 1890s that formed out of agrarian calls for more government oversight over big business (railroads and banks)
People's Party (Populists)
King Phillip's War
Series of acts that limited immigration and free speech under the Adams' administration, criticized for violating the First Amendment
Alien & Sedition Acts
Immigrant populations that settled in America prior to the Civil War, referred to as "Old Immigrants"
Irish and German
Political bargain that effectively ended federal oversight of Reconstruction, leading to an era of "Redemption" in the South
Compromise of 1877
Railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States in 1894. The federal government's response to the unrest marked the first time that an injunction was used to break a strike.
Pullman Strike