Period 1-2
This French and Dutch model of colonization focused on small trading posts and intermarriage to secure economic alliances, primarily centered around this specific luxury good that was highly sought after in European markets.
What is fur?
Combining the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, this agreement created a bicameral legislature where representation in the lower house was based on population, while the upper house granted equal votes to each state.
What is the Great Compromise(or Connecticut Compromise)?
This 1848 gathering in New York, organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, produced the "Declaration of Sentiments." It explicitly modeled its language on the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's suffrage.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
A widely held belief that incorporating new territory was sanctioned by God.
What is Manifest Destiny?
In his 1889 essay The Gospel of Wealth, Carnegie argued that this specific economic philosophy, which applied "survival of the fittest" to human society, justified the concentration of wealth so long as the rich used their surplus for the benefit of the community.
What is Social Darwinism?
This 1676 uprising in Virginia, led by frontiersmen and former indentured servants, serves as the definitive turning point where the planter elite shifted from volatile white labor to more "permanent" and controllable enslaved African labor.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This British decree, issued following Pontiac’s Rebellion, sought to prevent conflict with Native Americans by forbidding colonial settlement west, effectively signaling the end of "salutary neglect."
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
Proposed by Henry Clay, this comprehensive economic plan consisted of three parts: a high protective tariff, a national bank to stabilize currency, and federal funding for internal improvements like roads and canals.
What is the American System?
The fiery abolitionist who died a martyr in the North and a murderer in the South - increasing hatred.
Who is John Brown?
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, this union rose to dominance by strictly avoiding political radicalism and focusing on "bread and butter" issues like wages and hours, limiting its membership exclusively to skilled white craftsmen.
What is the AFL, or American Federation of Labor?
Implemented by the Virginia Company, this system granted 50 acres of land to anyone who paid for their own (or another's) passage to the New World, effectively incentivizing the importation of indentured servants and the expansion of the plantation system.
What is the headright system?
This 1786 armed uprising by Massachusetts farmers over debt and foreclosures served as the primary catalyst for the calling of the Constitutional Convention by exposing the federal government's inability to maintain order.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
Prompted by the "Tariff of Abominations," this 1832 crisis involved a state government attempting to declare federal laws unconstitutional within its borders, leading to the Force Bill and a eventual compromise brokered by Henry Clay.
What is the Nullification Crisis?
The Supreme Court opinion that excluded African-Americans from citizenship rights in the United States
What is the Dred Scott Decision?
This business strategy, perfected by Andrew Carnegie in the steel industry, involved controlling every stage of the production process, from raw materials to transportation to final distribution, to increase efficiency and eliminate middleman costs.
What is vertical integration?
To resolve a demographic crisis in 1662, Puritan churches in New England created this specific rule, allowing for partial membership of the church, signaling a decline in traditional religious fervor.
What is the Half-Way Covenant?
This 1787 legislation is considered the singular success of the Articles of Confederation, it provided a systematic procedure for admission of new states, prohibited slavery in the territory, and mandated public education.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
This 1836 executive order required that all public lands be purchased with gold or silver rather than paper money. While intended to curb land speculation, it is largely blamed for triggering the Panic of 1837.
What is the specie circular?
In the 1840s, this diplomatic proposal sought to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. While it never passed the Senate, it became a symbol of the growing sectional divide and the primary platform of the burgeoning Free Soil Party.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
In this famous 1896 speech, William Jennings Bryan used religious imagery to argue against the gold standard, asserting that the industrial and banking elites were sacrificing the nation's farmers for the benefit of "sound money."
What is the "Cross of Gold" speech?
This 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina, the largest of its kind in the British mainland colonies, led directly to the passage of the Negro Act of 1740, which drastically restricted the movement, education, and assembly rights of enslaved people.
What is the Stono Rebellion?
Drafted in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, these two state-level documents introduced the radical doctrine of "nullification," suggesting that states could void federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
What are the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
This 1814 secret meeting of New England Federalists discussed potential secession or constitutional amendments to limit the power of the South and West. Because it coincided with the victory at New Orleans, the meeting was viewed as treasonous and effectively ended the Federalist Party.
What is the Hartford Convention?
Used by Radical Republicans to justify the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, this act prohibited the President from removing certain officeholders without the consent of the Senate
What is the Tenure of Office Act?
This 1887 law, created in response to public outcry over railroad price discrimination, established the first federal regulatory agency. However, it was largely ineffective in its early years due to a lack of enforcement power and favorable court rulings for corporations.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?