Native Cultures
Name one major pre-Columbian civilization in Mesoamerica.
The Aztecs
What country founded Jamestown in 1607?
England
What was the encomienda system?
Spanish forced Native labor.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
A British ban on colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
America's first weak national government.
How did the Great Plains tribes adapt to their environment?
They became nomadic and relied on buffalo.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
An agreement to form a self-governing colony based on majority rule.
What replaced indentured servitude in the South?
African slavery
What was the Stamp Act?
A 1765 tax on printed materials in the colonies.
What was the Great Compromise?
Created a bicameral legislature: Senate representing each state equally and the House of Representatives representing states based on their population.
What role did maize play in Native societies?
It was a key crop for stable societies.
Why did the Puritans settle in New England?
To escape religious persecution and build a model Christian society.
Who were indentured servants?
Workers who exchanged labor for passage to America.
What happened at the Boston Tea Party?
Colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
What is federalism?
Division of power between national and state governments.
What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
A political alliance of Northeastern tribes.
What was salutary neglect?
Britain's unofficial policy of avoiding strict enforcement of colonial laws.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
A 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina.
What did the Declaration argue?
That all men have natural rights and government must protect them.
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
Counted enslaved people as 3/5 of a person for representation.
Explain the significance of Native trade networks.
Spread goods, ideas, and tech.
Causes/effects of Bacon's Rebellion?
Cause: frustration with Native policy and elite control. Effect: shift toward slavery over indentured servants.
How did chattel slavery develop?
Slavery became hereditary and race-based, especially in the South.
Explain the key reasons for American victory in the Revolutionary War
French alliance, strong leadership, and home-field advantage
Explain the key arguments of the Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists.
Federalists supported strong central government; Anti-Federalists wanted states' rights and demanded a Bill of Rights.