Period 2 (1607-1754)
What was the first successful British colony and what type of colony was it?
Jamestown. It was established by the Virginia London company to find riches in the New World.
What were the documents called that were used to promote the ratifcation of the Constitution?
The Federalist Papers
Why was the Revolution of 1800 important?
It marked the first peaceful transfer of power of opposing political parties. It set the precendent of giving up your presidency after your term.
What was the direct cause of the South's secession from the Union?
The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
What was Social Darwinism & the Gospel of Wealth?
Social Darwinism applied the "Survival of the Fittest" idea into society where only the rich survive and the weak were doomed to fail. The Gospel of wealth, however, advocated philanthropy in building libraries, museums, or funding medical research, but it was not charity.
What was the First Great Awakening and what precedent did it send?
It was a religious revival that focused on individual faith rather than a clergy. Set the precedent of standing up against oppressive authority which would be the cornerstone of the American Revolution.
What battle got the French involved in the American revolution and what battle ended it?
The American victory over the Battle of Saratoga convinced the French to join and the Siege of Yorktown ended the American revolution.
What did Andrew Jackson expand?
He expanded universal white male suffrage and was strongly in favor of state's rights and the "common man."
Why was the Emancipation Proclamation passed and why was it needed?
It redirected the fight of the Civil War from a battle of state's rights and preservation of the Union into a moral one. In doing so, it prevented European intervention.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? Was it successful?
It outlawed monopolies, cartels, and conspiracies that restrain interstate or foreign trade. It was not successful and was ambigious enough for the pro-busines Supreme court to interpret it as they saw fit.
What was the CAUSE of Bacon's rebellion?
Discontent from Virginia's frontier settlers who were pushed west and felt as if they didn't get enough land and refusal from Governor William Berkely to protect the settlers from Natives
What was the difference of the First and Second Continental Congress?
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from every colonies except Georgia in repsonse to the Intolerable Acts. It was used to discuss and address their grievances and come up with a solution. The Second Continental Congress worked as a de facto government during the revolution.
What did the Tariff of Abominations lead to and what was the result?
The nullficiation crisis where South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union. Jackson, although supporting of state's rights, threatened to have the military intervene to prevent the secession.
What were the 3 reconstruction plans and how did they differ?
10% Plan: Lincoln's plan and was the most lienient. It made 10% of voters to swear an oath of allegience and accept the 13th Amendment.
Johnson's Plan: Called for the creation of provisional military governments to run the states until they were readmitted o the Union and all souther citizens had to swear a loyalty oath. Barred southern elite from participation in new governments.
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867: Imposed martial law on the South and established military control in the South. Passed by the Radical Republicans who controlled Congress.
How did the Knights of Labor differ from the American Federation of Labor?
The Knights of Labor was earlier and accepted all types of workers (skilled and unskilled), seeking broad reform. It was one of the first large scale labor unions.
The American Federation of Labor, however, was composed of skilled craft unions focusing on "bread-and-butter" issues like higher wages and shorter hours.
What was the Fundamental Orders?
The first written constitution in British North America. It was made by Connecticut in 1635
What was drafted by Antifederalists Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition act?
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions which argued that the states had the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws. It introduced the idea of nullification.
What was Andrew Jackson's plan for the bank and the economy? But how did it fail? Why?
He vetoed Congress's attempt to recharter the Second Bank of the United States, and withdrew federal funds and deposited them into "pet" banks. He thought that having a national bank made the federal government too strong. It eventually led to the Panic of 1837.
Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South to make profit and money in the reconstructing south.
Scalawags were Southerners who supported the Republicans and the Reconstruction policies.
What did the Booker T. Washington argue?
He argued that white society was not ready to accpet Black people as equals. He supported economic independence as the means by which Black people can improve their lot. He focused more on changes in economic situation of African Americans rather than immediate social reform.
What was the Wool Act of 1699 and Molasses Act of 1733?
Wool Act of 1699: Forbade the export and import of wool from other English colonies
Molasses Act of 1733: An exorbitant tax upon the importation of sugar from the French West Indies
They established and strengthened mercantalism in the British colonies.
What was the Committees of Correspondance and the later Continental Association?
The Committes of Correspondance were used to trade ideas and keep the colonies informed about the politcal mood. The Continental Association was a committee that enforecd the boycotts and became a de facto sort of government.
What was Southern Paternalism?
The perception held that Black people were childlike and unable to take care of themselves. Led to the reinforcement of white supremacy over black people.
What was the Hampton Roads Conference?
Abraham Lincoln's attempt to negotiate a settlement with souther leaders to reenter the Union and vote on the 13th amendment.
What was the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act?
It was a series of federal laws that granted public land and funds to states to establish colleges specializing in agriculture, mechanical arts (engineering), and military tactics. It greatly improved American higher education.