Period 7 (1890-1945)
Name one muckracker. What did they do?
Lincoln Steffen (The Shame of the Cities), Ida Tarbell (History of Standard Oil), Upton Sinclair (The Jungle). They revealed widespread corruption in urban management.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
What was the American System?
An economic plan led by Henry Clay and the Whig Party to foster national self-sufficiency and economic growth. It comprised three main pillars: protective tariffs to promote American industry, a national bank to stabilize currency and commerce, and federal funding for infrastructure
What was the Corrupt Bargain?
In the election of 1824, although Jackson won the popular vote, he didn't have enough electoral votes, so Henry Clay gave up his votes in the House to John Quincy Adams who, in turn, made Henry Clay Secretary of State. Jackson's supporters called this the corrupt bargain.
What were the midnight appointments and what did that lead to?
Before Adams left office, he appointed as many government positions with Federalists as he could, but Jefferson responded by refusing to recognize those appointments. This led to Marbury v. Madison where Marbury sued Madison for refusing to give him his job. This case established the process of judicial review.
16th Amendment authorized Congress to levy a federal income tax
17th Amendment allowed for direct election of Senators
18th Amendment initiated prohibition, banning the sale and manufacturing of alcohol
19th Amendement granted women the right to vote
21st Amendment ended prohibition
The Berlin Blockade was a response to what? What was then passed in response to the Berlin Blockade?
The Berlin Blockade was in repsonse to the Marshalll Plan where the US would send money to Europe to help rebuild its cities and economy and were expected to become American allies. In response, the Soviet Union made a blockade in Berlin to prevent money and resources being sent to the split East and West Berlin. However, in response to that, the Berlin airlift brought supplies in by plane.
What was the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 and Macon's Bill No. 2?
Non-Intercourse Act reopened trade with most nations but still banned trade with Britain and France.
Macon's Bill No.2 reopened trade with France and England, but Madison promised that if either country renounced its interference with American trade, he would cut off trade with the other one.
What was the Liberator?
An abolitionst newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison. It also helped found the American Antislavery Society in 1833.
What was the only success out of the Articles of Confederation?
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787. It established the regulations in which territories can apply for statehood.
What was the Espionage Act of 1917?
It prohibited anyone from using the US mail system to interfere with the war effort or with the draft that had been instituted under the Selective Service Act of 1917.
What was the importance of the Third World in relation to the Cold War?
The Third World were countries that were allied with neither the US or the Soviet Union. The Third World was important because both supoerpowers sought to bring these countries into their spheres of influence. It established and reinforced the idea of proxy wars and setting up puppet states / conflicts rather than direct conflict.
What was the first attempt to prevent the expansion of slavery Westward?
The Wilmot Proviso of 1846 which aimed to prohibit slavery in lands acquired from Mexico.
What were the four parts of Hamilton's financial plan?
Assuming all state debt so the states owe money to the federal government, paying off the entire national debt at face value, creation of a national bank, and increasing taxes and tariffs.
What occured that made the US public opinion of WWI shift?
The sinking of the Lusitaina. It fueld anti-German sentiment in the states.
What was the Emergency Quote Act?
It set immigration quotes based on national origins and discrimnated against the "new immigrants." It was caused by growing discontempt of the new immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe and fear that they are spreading radical, extermist ideas.
What was the incident at the Gulf of Tonkin and how did it lead to US involvement in Vietnam? Describe what occured in 1968 that demonstrated the failures of American involvment in Vietnam.
What did Frederick Jackson Turner declare (Frontier Thesis)?
The American frontier was shaping American character, defining American spirit, fostering democracy, and providing a safety valve for economic distress in the urban, industrial centers. It was a response to the increasing migration West and increasing important of the West.
What was dollar diplomacy?
The attempt to secure favorable relationsips with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans.
What was the Nixon Doctrine?
Announced that the United States would withdraw from many of its overseas troop commitments, relying instead on alliances with local governments to check hte spread of communism.
What was the Nye Commision?
Led by Senator Gerald Nye, the commision's report in 1936 revealed unwholesome activies by American arm manufacterers. They drove the US into war for their profit. It directly led to the neutrality acts.
What were G.I. Bill of Rights?
It provided an allowance for education and living expenses for returning soldiers and veterans who wished to earn their high-school diplomas or attend college.
What were the components of Johnson's War on Poverty?
- Preparing underprivileged children for early schooling
- Establishing the Volunteers in Service to America, acting as an domestic peace corps
- Guaranteeing legal counsel to those who could not afford their own lawyers
- Founding the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which increase federal aid to low-income apartment renters and built more federal housing projects.
What was the Coffin Handbill? And why is it important?
It accused Jackson of murdering his enlisted men during the Indian Wars. It was used by Adam's supporters as an attack in response to Jackson's supporter's attacks against John Quincy Adams.
What were the Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania?
They were a series of essays written by John Dickinson, which attempted to unite the colonists against the Townshend acts