Colonial America & Revolution
Court Case ensuring importance of Judicial Review
What is Marbury vs. Madison
diplomatic scandal where French agents demanded massive bribes and a loan from American diplomats to negotiate an end to French attacks on U.S. shipping.
What is the XYZ affair
a post-Civil War agricultural system in the U.S. South where landowners provided land, tools, and housing to farmers who paid rent with large share of the crops they produced, caused cycle of debt.
What is Sharecropping
he first independent federal regulatory agency, to oversee and regulate the railroad industry
What is the interstate Commerce Act
The Court ruled that freedom of speech and freedom of the press under the First Amendment could be limited only if the words in the circumstances created "a clear and present danger."
Declaration of grievances that the colonists provided to King George III before entering the Revolutionary War
What is the Olive Branch Petition?
Federalist supported laws restricting free speech and immigration
What are the alien and sedition acts (1798)
Turning point in the Civil War
What is the Battle of Gettysburg
foundational U.S. federal law aimed at preserving free market competition by prohibiting monopolization, monopolies, and restraints of trade.
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
authorized the U.S. military to designate "military areas" and exclude any persons, resulting in the forced relocation and incarceration of over 110,000 Japanese Americans
What is Executive Order 9066
Constitutional Convention allowed states to both provide representatives based on population and provide 2 senators
What is the Connecticut Compromise? (Great compromise)
Warned European powers to stop colonizing the western hemisphere
What is the Monroe Doctrine
an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War, which declared "forever free" all enslaved people in Confederate states still in rebellion.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation
Raised Tariffs by 20%, made things worse in the Great Depression
What is the Hawley Smoot Tariff of 1930
U.S. foreign policy pledge to provide economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism, specifically aiming to contain Soviet influence.
What is the Truman Doctrine
First Legislative Body in America.
What is the House of Burgesses
a secret series of meetings in Connecticut where New England Federalists discussed grievances against President James Madison’s administration and the War of 1812.
a destructive, 285-mile Union military campaign Marching 62,000 troops, utilized "scorched earth" tactics—destroying railroads, factories, and civilian property—to shatter the Confederacy's economy, infrastructure, and psychological will to fight.
What is Shermans March
Authorized Roosevelt to sell, transfer, exchange, etc. defense articles to any nation deemed vital to US national security.
What is the Lend Lease Act of 1941
a landmark Supreme Court case ruling that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if facilities are otherwise equal.
what is Brown vs. the board of education
First written Constitution in American Colonies, creating government based on popular sovereignty rather than royal charter
What is the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
landmark Supreme Court case where the Court established that Congress has powers under the "Necessary and Proper" Clause of the Constitution to create a national bank and that states cannot tax federal institutions.
What is McCulloch Vs. Marbury
AKA The Wormley Agreement, the Tilden Hayes Compromise, or the Corrupt Bargain, was an informal political deal in the United States that settled the intense dispute over the results of the 1876 election.
criticized U.S. President McKinley as "weak" and a "bidder for the admiration of the crowd". Published in the New York Journal, it insulted the U.S. government, fueling intense public outrage and imperialist sentiment, ultimately acting as a major catalyst for the Spanish-American War.
What is the De Lôme Letter (1898)
law that expanded the US government’s surveillance powers to detect and stop terrorism. it was criticized for reducing privacy rights.
What is the Patriot Act