Native American Cultures
Mesoamerica refers to:
Southern Mexico and Central America
What were the 3 motives for Spanish exploration?
God, Gold, and Glory
This Spanish priest became an outspoken critic of the mistreatment of Indigenous peoples in the Americas.
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?
What stable crop provided the calorie surplus needed for growth of civilization in South America?
Maize
What divided the claims between Spain and Portugal in the New World?
The Treaty of Tordesillas
This Spanish labor system granted colonists the right to demand labor and tribute from Native Americans.
Encomienda System
Pre-Columbian Southwest Indians were most noted for which environmental transformation practice?
Irrigation
Which nation lead European exploration in the 15th century? Colonized Modern-Day Brazil
Portugal
As Spanish labor demands grew, the labor source for imperial production transitioned to:
Slaves from Africa
tribe that was nomadic: hunted buffalo, farmers, raised maize, beans, and squash
Great Plains Indians
What Papal decree gave Christian European monarchs the right to claim and colonize lands in the Americas? This decree would later be used by the US Supreme Court to justify taking Native American lands in the midwest.
The Doctrine of Discovery of 1493
Term for the exchange of good, crops, and diseases between the Americas (New World) and Europe and Africa (Old World)?
3 sisters agriculture
corn, beans, squash
What economic system maximized exports to colonies to accumulate wealth in the 'Mother' country?
Mercantilism
This legal debate questioned whether Native Americans possessed natural rights and should be protected from abuse by Spanish colonists.
the Valladolid Debate
Bonus Question! What were Juan Gines de Sepulveda justifications for encouraging the colonization and subjugation of the Indigenous people living in the Americas?
The Indigenous were inferior to the Spanish and did not have any natural rights as human beings. It was the right of the Spanish to colonize and enslave them, according to the theory of Natural Hierarchy.