Colonial & Revolutionary Era
What economic system tied the American colonies to Britain and encouraged mercantilist policies?
Mercantilism.
What plan created a bicameral legislature at the Constitutional Convention?
The Connecticut (Great) Compromise.
What doctrine justified U.S. territorial expansion from coast to coast in the 19th century?
Manifest Destiny.
Which event directly triggered the start of the Civil War in 1861?
Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.
What was the primary cause of World War I that drew the U.S. into the conflict?
Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram (primary triggers).
Name the 1765 law requiring colonists to provide housing and supplies to British troops.
The Quartering Act.
Which group favored ratification of the Constitution and a stronger central government?
Federalists.
Which purchase doubled the size of the United States in 1803?
Louisiana Purchase.
Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation and what did it do?
Abraham Lincoln; it declared freedom for enslaved people in Confederate-held territories and reframed the war’s purpose.
Which 1920 amendment granted women the right to vote?
The 19th Amendment.
Which pamphlet, published in 1776, argued strongly for independence and helped sway public opinion?
Common Sense by Thomas Paine.
Name the first ten amendments to the Constitution
The Bill of Rights.
What 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state?
The Missouri Compromise
Name one key advantage the Union had over the Confederacy.
Larger population, more industry, stronger navy/rail network.
Name one cause of the Great Depression
Stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, overproduction, underconsumption
Identify the treaty that ended the American Revolution and recognized U.S. independence
Treaty of Paris (1783).
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion for federal authority?
It showed the federal government could enforce laws and maintain order (Washington used force to suppress the rebellion).
Explain one economic difference between the North and the South before the Civil War.
North: industrial, manufacturing, wage labor; South: agrarian, plantation economy, slavery.
What were the main goals of Radical Reconstruction?
Secure rights for freedpeople, restructure Southern governments, and enforce civil rights (e.g., 14th & 15th Amendments).
What was the main purpose of the New Deal? Give one specific program as an example.
To provide relief, recovery, and reform; example: Social Security, CCC, WPA, or FDIC.
Explain one major cause and one major effect of Shays' Rebellion
Cause: economic distress/high taxes; Effect: led to calls for a stronger national government and the Constitutional Convention.
Describe the impact of the Marbury v. Madison (1803) decision.
Established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
Analyze how the Fugitive Slave Act (1850) affected Northern public opinion.
Increased Northern outrage, strengthened abolitionist sentiment, and increased sectional tensions
Explain one reason Reconstruction came to an end in 1877.
Compromise of 1877, waning Northern interest, economic concerns, and Southern resistance.
Analyze one major domestic effect of World War II on the United States.
Economic boom, acceleration of civil rights movements, increased federal power, and changes in gender roles/workforce participation.