Periods 1-2
This labor system granted passage to the New World in exchange for 4-7 years of contractual labor.
What is indentured servitude?
This British decree of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict with Native Americans.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
A massive famine in the 1840s caused a surge of immigrants from this country, who largely settled in Eastern cities like Boston and New York.
What is Ireland?
The movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North beginning around World War I.
What is the Great Migration?
These areas saw significant growth after World War II as cheap housing was widely available.
What are suburbs?
These British colonies were the first to be permanently settled, one to gain wealth, the other for religious freedom.
What are Jamestown & Plymouth?
This 1830 law signed by Andrew Jackson authorized the forced relocation of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to land west of the Mississippi.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This 1882 law was the first major federal legislation to explicitly suspend immigration based on a specific national origin.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This immigration station in New York Harbor served as the primary port of entry for European "New Immigrants" starting in 1892.
What is Ellis Island?
This term describes the sociological shift where retirees and industries moved to the South and Southwest due to air conditioning and lower taxes.
What is the Sun Belt Migration?
The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World, the middle leg of the Triangular Trade.
What is the Middle Passage?
The primary route used by thousands of settlers in the 1840s to reach the Willamette Valley in the Pacific Northwest.
What is the Oregon Trail?
This political party, also known as the "Order of the Star-Spangled Banner," formed in the 1850s to oppose Catholic immigration.
Who are the Know-Nothings? (American Party)
These 1920s laws established strict percentages for immigration based on the 1890 census, heavily favoring Northern Europeans.
What are the Quota Acts? (National Origins Act)
Immigrants from this region currently make up a majority of the immigrant population and are responsible for about 33% of total population growth in the United States.
What is Latin America?
This 1676 uprising of back-settlers and former indentured servants led Virginia elite to transition toward a permanent slave labor force.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This 1787 legislation established the process by which territories could become states and banned slavery in the region north of the Ohio River.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas in the late 1870s to escape post-Reconstruction racial violence.
Who are the Exodusters?
This term refers to the southern and eastern European immigrants (Italians, Jews, Poles) who arrived in large numbers between 1890 and 1920.
Who are the "New Immigrants"?
These mass-produced planned communities, the first of which was on Long Island, became the model for post-war suburban living.
What is Levittown?
These non-English immigrants settled heavily in the "backcountry" of Pennsylvania and the Carolinas, often acting as a buffer against Native tribes.
Who are the Scots-Irish (or Germans)?
This religious group migrated to the Great Salt Lake valley in 1847 to escape persecution in Illinois and Missouri.
Who are the Mormons? (LDS Church)
The specific "pull factor" that led to a massive population boom in California starting in 1849.
What is the Gold Rush?
This WWII-era agreement brought millions of Mexican guest workers to the U.S. to fill labor shortages in the agricultural sector.
What is the Bracero Program?
This 1986 law granted amnesty to many undocumented immigrants while making it illegal for employers to knowingly hire them.
What is the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)?