Period 1
What was the term used to describe the exchange of goods, ideas, people, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Africa) and the New World (the Americas) after 1492?
The Columbian Exchange
Which colony was established in 1607 and became the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown, VA
During the Constitutional Convention, what compromise settled the dispute between large and small states by creating a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate?
The Great Compromise (or the CT Compromise)
Which doctrine, declared in 1823 by the President at the time, warned European nations against further colonization in the Americas?
What were the years of the Civil War?
1861-1865
What system did the Spanish use to control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas?
The Encomienda System
Which group of English religious dissenters founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620?
Which 1787 event, led by farmers in western Massachusetts, highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and pushed for a stronger federal government?
Shays' Rebellion
Which Supreme Court case in 1803 established the principle of judicial review, giving the Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
What is the system of labor that emerged in the South during Reconstruction, trapping many African Americans and poor whites in cycles of debt through unfair contracts?
How did the introduction of the horse by Europeans transform the lives of Native American tribes on the Great Plains?
The horse improved mobility, hunting efficiency (especially for bison), and warfare capabilities, transforming the Plains tribes' societies into more nomadic lifestyles.
What was the first year enslaved Africans were brought to the US?
1619
What 1774 meeting of colonial delegates was convened in response to the Intolerable Acts and resulted in a call for a boycott of British goods?
What political party emerged in opposition to Andrew Jackson’s policies, accusing him of acting like a tyrant, especially after his veto of the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States?
The Whig Party
Name the three Presidents who were in power throughout the Civil War & Reconstruction
1) Lincoln 2) Johnson 3) Grant
What was the name of the first English settlement, established in 1587 on an island off the coast of present-day North Carolina, that mysteriously disappeared by 1590?
Roanoke Island (often referred to as the "Lost Colony")
Which 1649 law from a Chesapeake colony granted religious freedom to all Christians but imposed the death penalty on those who denied the divinity of Jesus?
Maryland Act of Toleration
In 1794, President George Washington used federal troops to suppress which rebellion that tested the new government's ability to enforce its laws, specifically a tax on distilled spirits?
The Whiskey Rebellion
What was the name of the 1848 convention held in New York, where activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott called for women's rights, including the right to vote?
What organization was established in 1865 to aid freed slaves and poor whites in the South, providing food, education, and legal assistance?
The Freedmen's Bureau
Which Spanish priest and missionary spoke out against the mistreatment of Native Americans by Spanish colonists and advocated for their rights, ultimately leading to some reforms in Spanish colonial policies?
Bartolomé de las Casas
What 1676 rebellion in Virginia was led by frontier settlers against the colonial government, largely due to grievances over land, Native American attacks, and political corruption?
Bacon's Rebellion
What were the names of the 1798 resolutions, authored by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, which argued that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional, in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
This term describes the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the 1824 presidential election, in which Adams became president despite not winning the popular vote, and Clay became Secretary of State.
The Corrupt Bargain
Summarize all three Reconstruction Amendments
13th: Abolished slavery (except as a punishment for a crime)
14th: Birthright citizenship & equal protection under the law
15th: All men, regardless of race, have the right to vote