Native American societies before European contact
What were the Main civilizations in the south, and Central America?
Aztecs, Mayans, And Incas
who is Hernando De Soto?
Spanish conquistador; explored in 1540's from Florida throughout the southeast in search of gold
What is capitalism?
An economic system that favors money over land (took over feudalism) gained the popularity because of so much trade and new resources in America made trade extremely valuable
Who is Hernan Cortez?
A Spanish Conquistador who defeated and conquered the Aztec empire
What was the Valladolid debate?
Held in the Colegio de San Gregorio, in the Spanish city of Valladolid, it was a moral and theological debate about the conquest of the Americas, its justification for the conversion to Catholicism, and more specifically about the relations between the European settlers and the natives of the New World.
Native American name for corn
Maize
What is Mercantilism?
An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and colonizer. while attempting to prove a westward sea route for East Asia trade existed, he stumbled across the Bahamas in October 1492. The first European to visit the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba.
How did the Spanish use Native Americans as slaves?
Encomienda system. The king gave NAs and their land to the Spaniards
who is Bartolome de las Casas?
Bartolomé de Las Casas was a Dominican priest and missionary in the Americas. Las Casas—who was ordained in either 1512 or 1513—may have been the first person in America to receive holy orders. He is remembered as “the Apostle of the Indians,” the man who first exposed the oppression of the indigenous peoples by Europeans in the colonies of the West Indies.
What did Native American societies develop around?
Their Natural Environment and Agriculture
what was the northwest passage?
An All-water route through North America that would allow European to reach Asia
What is a Join-stock company
A company made up of a group of shareholders. each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. allowed voyages to become more affordable and less risky for the investor
Whats is the Asiesto System?
A system that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. It required a tax to be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
French policy to the Native Americans
Viewed Natives as possible military and economic allies
maintained good relations
exchanged French goods for furs at trading posts at the St.Lawrence valley, The Great lakes region, and along the Mississippi
Were less Threatening to Natives due to having few colonists
French soldiers helped the Hurons fight the Iroquois
What diseases were brought over during this time period?
Smallpox, and syphilis
Why did the Spanish and Portuguese set up slave codes?
Slave codes were originally designed to make slaves less likely to rebel or run away.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages
What was the Spanish caste system?
NAs, Africans, and Europeans made America very diverse. So they created a system that ranked citizens.
1) Pure Spanish
2) Mixed race
3) Pure NA or pure African
What were the New Laws Of 1542?
In 1542, due to the constant protests of Las Casas and others, the Council of the Indies wrote and King Charles V enacted the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians. The New Laws abolished Indian slavery and also ended the encomienda system.
How did societies respond to the Aridity of the Great Basin and grasslands of the western Great Plains
By developing largely mobile lifestyles
What was the treaty of Tordesillas
The 1494 agreement in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the lands of the Western hemisphere between them and moved the line of demarcation 800 miles to the west allowing Portugal to colonize Brazil
Effects of introducing the new world with the old world
New world food helped Europe and Africa increase their population. change in their habits, with the intro of tobacco and cacao, and an increase in their economy
What is the Encomienda system?
Spanish Crown created a social system in their colonies, for maintaining control in the hands of Spanish-born people
Who was Juan Gines de Sepulveda? and why was he important?
Sepúlveda, a humanist lawyer born in 1490, was an important figure in the court of Charles V where he served as the Emperor's chaplain and his official historian.